Planting Ginkgo biloba requires following the eight key principles: "strong, big, full, dry, solid, shallow, transparent, and high." To make it easier to remember, a simple rhyme has been created: "Strong seedlings grow fat; dry soil fills the layers. Plant shallow with water, avoid lodging through transparency. High temperature promotes air circulation—these eight rules are easy to master. With proper care, survival rates are high and growth is abundant."
"Strong" means selecting robust seedlings. A strong seedling should have a thick stem and balanced height and thickness, showing a natural sharpness. The root system must be complete and well-developed, as roots are crucial for the tree’s future growth. As the saying goes, "You can buy seedlings, but you can’t buy roots." Fresh seedlings should be planted immediately after digging to maintain their vitality. However, many ginkgo seedlings on the market are often left in storage for 2–3 months, which can reduce their quality.
"Big" refers to preparing large planting holes. Typically, a hole of about 1 meter square is recommended. If the seedling is larger, the hole should be proportionally bigger to allow enough space for root development.
"Full" means applying sufficient base fertilizer. The fertilizer should be fully matured organic matter, and it should be applied carefully. It's best to mix the fertilizer thoroughly with the soil and place it in the middle or upper part of the hole. Before planting, cover the bottom of the hole with 20 cm of soil to prevent direct contact between the roots and fertilizer, which could burn them. If no suitable fertilizer is available, it's better to plant without it and replant later if needed.
"Dry" means filling the hole with loose, well-drained soil. Avoid compacting the soil too much, as this can harm the roots. In areas with heavy clay soil, like Shanghai, where spring rains are frequent, wet soil should not be used for planting. Instead, shallow planting and raised mounds help prevent waterlogging and allow the soil to settle naturally.
"Solid" emphasizes firming the soil around the roots without over-compactation. This ensures good contact between the roots and the soil while avoiding damage. In wet conditions, compaction should be avoided, and shallow planting is preferred.
"Shallow" is one of the most important principles, especially in regions like Shanghai with high groundwater levels and heavy rainfall. Ginkgo trees have specific root characteristics that require shallow planting. Deeper planting can slow down ground temperature rise, reduce air circulation, increase humidity, and hinder root healing. After rain, excess moisture can cause root rot. Shallow planting allows faster warming of the soil, better aeration, and quicker recovery of the roots. If the planting hole is too deep and the soil recovery rate is below 75%, it's better to plant the roots flat on the surface. In parks, small mounds are ideal for planting.
"Transparent" refers to ensuring good drainage and avoiding water accumulation. After planting, the area should be watered to ensure the soil and roots are well-mixed. Once the water is absorbed, the ground will naturally settle, keeping the planting level even with the surface or slightly higher.
"High" means creating a raised earth mound. Once the planting hole is completely dry, a 20–30 cm high mound should be formed. This helps protect the tree from flooding, prevents wind from shaking the tree, and avoids root rot during rainy seasons. Avoid leaving depressions in the planting area, as they can collect water and lead to root damage in hot weather.
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