Eggplants require a wide range of nutrients throughout their growth and development. When certain essential nutrients are lacking, physiological disorders or deficiency syndromes may occur. These conditions can affect the plant’s appearance, growth, and overall yield. Understanding these symptoms and how to manage them is crucial for successful eggplant cultivation.
Nitrogen deficiency in eggplants typically causes pale green leaves, with older leaves turning yellow. The buds may stop growing, and the younger leaves become smaller. To prevent this, it's important to apply sufficient base fertilizer, such as well-rotted manure, during soil preparation. If nitrogen deficiency is detected, you can apply topdressing with urea or ammonium bicarbonate, or spray a 0.3% to 0.5% urea solution on the leaves.
Phosphorus-deficient eggplants often show thin stems, delayed flowering, and smaller, darker leaves with reddish veins. To avoid this, use calcium superphosphate or diammonium phosphate as a base fertilizer before planting. If phosphorus deficiency occurs later, applying a 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or 0.5% superphosphate leachate can help.
Potassium deficiency is less common but still possible. It starts with smaller, lighter-colored leaves and progresses to chlorotic veins and dry leaf tips. To address this, apply potassium fertilizers like potassium sulfate or chloride, and consider foliar sprays of 0.2% to 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 10% wood ash solution.
Calcium deficiency leads to slow growth, deformed growth points, and chlorotic leaf margins with brown, rust-like veins. Regular watering and proper fertilization can help prevent this. If needed, spray a 20% calcium chloride solution on the foliage every five days.
Magnesium deficiency is more common and causes yellowing between the veins, especially near the main vein. This can lead to small, poorly developed fruits. Use magnesium-containing fertilizers like magnesium sulfate or nitrate, and spray a 1% to 3% magnesium sulfate solution when necessary.
Iron deficiency results in yellow-white new leaves with green veins. It often occurs in acidic, moist soils. Apply a 0.5% to 1% ferrous sulfate solution when symptoms appear.
Boron deficiency causes yellowing and wilting of the top leaves, along with brittle stems and corky cracks. Spraying a 0.05% to 0.2% borax or boric acid solution can correct this issue.
Manganese deficiency shows up as yellow-green veins that turn brown, while the veins remain green. A 1% manganese sulfate solution sprayed on the leaves can help.
Zinc deficiency causes clustered leaves and yellow spots that spread from the center to the edges. Spraying a 0.1% zinc sulfate solution is an effective remedy.
Molybdenum deficiency leads to mottled leaves with yellow spots and curled margins. Applying a 0.01% to 0.1% ammonium molybdate solution during the growing season can resolve this problem.
By recognizing these nutrient deficiencies early and taking timely action, growers can ensure healthier, more productive eggplant crops. Proper fertilization, soil testing, and regular monitoring are key to preventing and addressing these issues effectively.
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