Autumn marks the beginning of the first production phase for reserve hens, and proper feeding and management during this period play a crucial role in determining the overall profitability of poultry farming. To ensure optimal performance from laying hens, several key management practices should be carefully implemented.
One important step is to transition the feed gradually. At 20 weeks of age, hens should be switched to pre-lay egg feed that contains 1% calcium and 16.5% crude protein. As the egg production rate increases to between 2% and 6%, the calcium content should be raised to 3.4%–3.5%, and the crude protein level should reach 18%. This gradual adjustment helps support the hen’s reproductive system and ensures a smooth transition into full egg production.
Temperature control is also essential. Laying hens perform best at an ambient temperature of around 18°C. If temperatures fall below 13°C or rise significantly above this, the hen’s energy requirements increase, which can negatively impact egg production and growth. During hot autumn periods, hens may eat less, so it's important to adjust their diet accordingly—especially by increasing protein levels—to support reproductive development and prevent delays in sexual maturity.
Humidity and ventilation must be carefully managed as well. The ideal relative humidity in a poultry house is 55%–65%. After four weeks of age, this can be slightly reduced to around 50%. High humidity can cause hens to lose appetite and delay sexual maturity. Poor ventilation leads to increased levels of harmful gases, higher humidity, and lower oxygen levels, all of which can stunt growth and delay the onset of egg-laying.
Access to clean, fresh water is another critical factor. First-time hens require a significant amount of water—about 100 grams per day. It’s vital that they never go without water. Using a flowing water system is recommended, and providing 2–3 diluted saltwater solutions per week can help maintain hydration and support overall health.
By implementing these management strategies, farmers can optimize the health and productivity of their reserve hens, ensuring a successful start to the laying cycle.
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