With the adjustment of the structure of the aquaculture industry, the traditional sheep-raising model is no longer able to meet the requirements of the modern production of the sheep industry. It is a general trend to forbid grazing, protect the ecology, and achieve ecological win-win results. Recently, Qingliu County has raised sheep as a key industry, encouraged sheep farmers to adopt methods of housing and semi-shelf feeding, developed ecological sheep, and promoted the development of modern high-quality aquaculture. In the implementation of grass-roots agricultural technology innovation and construction work, the County Yellow Sheep Breeding Technical Instructor carefully referenced the development trend of domestic and international sheep feeding industry, combined with local sheep production practices, summed up the relevant technical essentials for Shepherd Feeding Sheep. 1. Good mutton sheep breeds and reasonable sheep structure are the key to raising the economic benefits of raising sheep. Under normal circumstances, varieties that are adapted to local climatic conditions, good production performance, short feeding cycles, high economic returns and good market prospects should be selected. Qingliu County has been reared through the introduction of Nanjiang Huangyang. After more than ten years of feeding trials, this species has settled in the area and has shown good production performance. It is deeply loved by the people. 1.1 The development of hybrid improvement is a rapid and effective method for improving the production performance of local mutton sheep. The selected goat female parent is preferably 1-4 years old, with large individuals, uniform body shape, good breast development, strong lactating capacity, good motherhood, no reproductive system disease, and local species with a body weight of 30kg or more; Nanyang Yellow Sheep can be selected as the ram. Generally do not breed on their own. 1.2 Optimize the flock structure. Through multiple choices, the advantages and disadvantages are eliminated, the classification is nurtured, and gradual progress is made. Old lambs and sheep with poor production performance are eliminated in a timely manner year by year, so that the herd structure is continuously optimized. The age structure of the flock should be kept between 15% and 20% for young sheep aged 0.5-1 years, 65%-75% for young sheep aged 1-4 years, and 10%-15% for sheep aged over 5 years. The proportion of species used). The proportion of ewes reaches 75%-90%. The higher the proportion of ewes, the higher the slaughter rate and the better the economic benefits. The ratio of male to female is generally 1:30-60. Conditional use of artificial insemination. 2. Qualified sheep houses and complete facilities 2.1 The sheep farm should be located in a place with high dryness, good ventilation, good water quality, convenient access, convenient transportation, and convenient prevention of disease. The sheep house should be built in the office area and living area downwind. 2.2 The sheep house area should be determined according to the sheep's breed, production target, and physiological conditions. Lamb born in spring 1.1-1.6?/, lambs born in winter 1.4-2.0?/ only, group raised rams 1.8-2.2?/ only, breeding rams (only column) 4-6?/only, bred Ewes 0.7-0.8?/only, young males, ewes 0.5-0.6?/only, bred sheep 0.6-0.8?/only. The lambing room is calculated from 20% to 25% of the number of basic ewes. 2.3 The height of the sheep house is usually about 2.5m. The sheep house door is 3m wide and 2m high. The window area is 1/15 of the floor area and 1.5m above the ground. At the same time, the floor of the sheep house should be 30cm -50cm above the ground outside the house, and a gentle slope should be paved to facilitate drainage. In the south, it is appropriate to use a building-style sheep house with a floor made of wood or bamboo pieces with a gap of 1 -2 cm and 1.5 - 2.5m above the ground. 2.4 The area of ​​the playground is generally 2-2.5 times the area of ​​the sheep house. The area of ​​adult sheep sports ground can be calculated as 4?/only. 2.5 The feeding trough, drinking trough and medicine bath can adopt brick, cement structure or wooden structure. The feed trough is generally 25cm wide, 20cm wide and 14cm -16cm deep. The length is calculated as 30cm for each big sheep and 20cm for lambs. A fence can be set along the side of the feeder tank to ensure that each sheep can evenly feed forage grass; the length of the drinking water tank is determined by the needs of the sheep; the length of the medicine bath is 10 - 15m, depth 100cm, bottom width 30 - 60cm, width 60 - 100cm, close to the water source, in order to facilitate the discharge of water. 2.6 Sheep farms also have to build silage facilities and equipment. According to local conditions, choose to build silage, silage, silage towers, silage bags, etc. in places with high dryness, low groundwater level, close to the sheep house and away from the water source and pits, at the same time to prepare silage cutting machinery. 3. Adequate fodder feed and reasonable feed formulations Adequate forage fodder is the key to success in housekeeping. In the production process of house-feeding sheep, it is necessary not only to ensure the abundance of feeds and adequate reserves, but also to formulate full-price diets based on the nutritional needs of the sheep and the nutrients of the feed. The ratio of refined material to fattening sheep is generally 45 to 55. 0.3-0.6? hay or 1-1.5? green feed is fed at 10? body weight; 100-200g of concentrate is added according to forage quality. The fattening lamb, 30-50 days before slaughter, can be increased to 0.6-0.8?. (See Table 1 for reference.) Table 1 Feed amount (kg) to be stocked for each type of sheep each year Number of days of wild hay Leguminous hay Agricultural and sideline products Silage Roots Mixing concentrates Rams 365 125 25 40 100 150 200 Breeding The ewes 180 100 20 75 75 40 70 Reserved ewes 200 75 25 75 50 40 70 Reserved rams 200 75 25 75 50 40 70 Nursing lambs 60 15 10 0 0 5 10 3.1 Planting pasture. The pasture varieties mainly include forage maize, ryegrass, Xiaobeicao, elephant grass, hybrid pennisetum, “Nanmu No. 1â€, alfalfa and other fine varieties that have been successfully cultivated in this area for many years, and there are several varieties for planting pasture. About 10-15 sheep are grazing on 1 mu of pasture. Now they are harvested, and they can't finish drying or silage. 3.2 Silage and ammoniation. Grass, straw, alfalfa and leafy vegetables should be timely treated for silage and ammoniation to increase the utilization of forage. Adult goats have a daily storage capacity of approximately 0.5-1? The lambs cannot be fed with silage before 6-8 weeks of age. 3.3 Collect agricultural and sideline products. Straw, clams and vines, as well as weeds, leaves, etc., are good feeds for goats and should be collected and processed in time to open up sources of feed. 3.4 Reasonably configure fine material. Due to differences in breeds, sex, age, etc., mutton sheep need different concentrate ratios. The concentrates consist mainly of bean cakes, corn, vitamins and minerals. See Table 2 for reference for the compound concentrates of different types of sheep. Table 2 Composition of Mixed Concentrates of Different Types of Sheep (%) Sheep Category Fried peas Maize Wheat bran Flax Kernels Bone meal Animals Multidimensional Iodine Salt Salted ram 25 27 30 14.5 3 0.4 0.1 Ewe 30 21 .23 30 15 3 0.4 0.37 1-3 months old sheep 35 16.23 30 15 3 0.4 0.37 Raising sheep 10 31.23 40 15 3 0.4 0.37 4. Scientific feeding management and strict anti-epidemic system 4.1 Do a good job of sanitation. Clean up excrement and other dirt in time to reduce the harmful gases such as ammonia and carbon dioxide produced by the fermentation and corruption of the waste. The sheep house should be cleaned 1-2 times a day and outside, and the venues and utensils should be disinfected once a week. Cross-use two or more disinfectants (2%-5% fire alkali solution, 3% formalin solution, 10% killer solution, etc.), try to achieve sheep, sheep, The troughs and utensils are clean and the environment inside and outside the sheep house is kept clean throughout the year. 4.2 Scientific feeding. Hybrid rams should be used as commercial sheep fattening to shorten the growth cycle. First, early weaning, usually the lamb weaning time is appropriate 8-10 weeks old. The second is to supplement feeding as early as possible, starting from the 7-10 days postpartum to supplement the lambs, high-quality green hay is not limited feeding, fine material is added gradually, from the first 50g to 200g at weaning is appropriate. The third is timely slaughter, lambs the most suitable fattening age is 4-8 months of age, lambs in the 6-month-old body weight reached 45-60kg slaughter the best. 4.3 Reasonable feeding. In addition to proper concentrates, pregnant ewes, nursing ewes, rams, and lambs should also be supplemented with minerals and trace elements such as carrots, high-quality green grasses, and other vitamin-rich blue-green juicy materials and bone meal to meet their physiological needs. At the same time, pay attention to drinking water and salt, first feed salt and drink water. On a daily basis, the amount of drinking water for the sheep is 3 - 5L. The drinking water should be clean and the sheep should be free from drinking water and drinking ice water. Each sheep can give salt 5 -10g per day. Salt can be placed in feed or in drinking water and mixed evenly. Salt can also be placed in special salt bowls, or salt and salt tiles can be prepared for sheep to feed freely. 4.4 Do preventive work. Develop a strict anti-epidemic system. 1Inactivated infectious pleuropneumoniae vaccine for goats in spring and autumn each year, triple-inactivated vaccine for sheep epidemic disease, delirium (or lamb dysentery), and enterotoxaemia, live vaccine for goatpox, and type O and Asia-type II for foot-and-mouth disease Inactivated vaccines and other immune injections. 2 Two to three times a year the whole group repellents. Drugs abamectin preparations, albendazole and so on. The endoparasite can be ambroxene imidazole (oral dose 15 mg-20 mg/kg body weight); ectoparasites can use ivermectin injection (0.2 kg/kg body weight, subcutaneous injection), or a drug bath to repel parasites. 3 Adhere to routine disinfection and conduct a large disinfection in the spring and autumn. The disinfectant pools at the entrances to the field gates and entrances to the field areas must also be replaced frequently to maintain an effective concentration, and refuse entry of unrelated personnel. Sheep manure should be treated in a centralized manner, which can be used as a disinfectant, or it can be loosely packed and fermented to kill bacteria and eggs at high temperatures. Commonly used disinfectants include 2%-5% pyrogenic alkali solution, 10% poisonous poison, mycotoxin, ketoxin, and Tetrim. 4.5 Promote self-cultivation. Develop a habit of carefully observing the colony (spirit, appetite, exercise, feces, etc.), and once discovered sheep with abnormal performance or disease should be immediately isolated to reduce morbidity and mortality. In day-to-day management, it is necessary to prevent the spread of disease through breeders, other animals and utensils. The introduction of sheep from outside China is subject to statutory procedures and strict quarantine. After 45 days of isolation and observation, it is confirmed that there are no infectious diseases before entering the market.
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