In the process of constructing and managing biogas digesters, it is essential to strictly follow technical regulations and standards. The goal should be to build a house, construct a biogas unit, and benefit a family. This ensures that the biogas pool is airtight, watertight, and safe for use. Effective management and increased utilization of biogas tanks are also crucial for long-term success.
When it comes to the construction of household biogas digesters, most modern systems are bottom-fed designs. These typically consist of a fermentation chamber, gas storage tank, feed pipe, movable cover, air guide tube, and an outlet for slurry. A key technical point is ensuring the size of the bottom outlet is controlled—generally between 0.4 to 0.45 meters in width and up to 0.55 meters in height. This prevents blockages and ensures efficient operation.
For example, when building an 8 cubic meter digester, several steps must be followed carefully. First, choose a location that is sunny and leeward, making it convenient for the integration of pigsties, toilets, and the biogas tank. Next, dig a pit with a diameter of 2.84 meters and a depth of 2.2 meters. The base of the pool should be 0.26 meters thick, including a 0.2-meter brick-lime layer and a 0.06-meter concrete layer. The pool’s height is usually around 1.1 meters, with a vault height of 0.66 meters.
The feed pipe should be about 1 meter long, with a diameter of 0.3 meters, half inside and half outside the pool, maintaining a slight slope. The sealing layer and the bottom outlet must be constructed according to strict technical guidelines to ensure durability and safety.
Material preparation for an 8 cubic meter digester typically includes around 1200 bricks, 13 bags of cement (about 650 kg), 300 kg of sand, 2 cubic meters of fine sand, 1 cubic meter of large brick slag or gravel, and other similar materials. The size of the digester depends on the number of users and their gas consumption. As the size increases, so does the amount of material required, which must be calculated and designed precisely before construction begins.
Managing biogas digesters is often considered more important than the initial construction, as the saying goes, “Three points in construction, seven points in management.†Due to low utilization rates in many rural areas, specific measures have been proposed to improve efficiency.
First, users should avoid single feeding practices. Many currently rely only on pig or cow manure, but using plant-based materials like watermelon vines, bean stalks, and wheat straw can significantly increase gas production. These organic materials, when properly prepared by shortening them, can enhance digestion and prevent clogging.
Second, regular stirring of the digester contents is vital. Neglecting this step can lead to accumulation of old sludge and gas, causing inefficiencies. Proper mixing helps maintain a balanced environment, speeds up the fermentation process, and improves overall performance.
Third, regular sludge removal is necessary. Some users neglect this, leading to buildup of sludge and reduced gas output. Sludge should be removed every 10 to 20 days, not fully cleaned but just enough to keep the system running smoothly. Most modern digesters have sludge discharge pipes, allowing for efficient removal through pressure and separation pools.
By following these steps, biogas digesters can remain efficient and functional for years, providing sustainable energy while supporting agricultural practices. Regular maintenance and proper feeding are key to maximizing the benefits of biogas technology.
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