Weed control is a critical part of corn cultivation, especially during the sowing stage. One of the most commonly used herbicides is Atrazine, which effectively controls various annual grasses and broadleaf weeds, with better results on broadleaves than grasses. It can be applied either before or after sowing, or at the 3-4 leaf stage of corn and the 1-2 leaf stage of grassy weeds, and 3-4 leaf stage of broadleaf weeds. The recommended dose is 150–200 ml per mu of 40% Atrazine suspension. In soils with high clay content or organic matter, the dosage should be increased for better efficacy.
However, soil organic matter strongly adsorbs Atrazine. When the organic matter content exceeds 6%, using Atrazine becomes less economical due to reduced effectiveness. In such cases, it's better to switch to post-emergence foliar treatments or other herbicides. For post-emergence application, 200–270 ml per mu is recommended.
In areas where Atrazine use exceeds 133 g per mu, sensitive crops like wheat, soybeans, and millet cannot be planted afterward. Pre-emergence soil treatment is more effective against grassy weeds, while post-emergence foliar treatment works better on broadleaf weeds. In high-organic-matter soils, foliar applications are preferred to reduce crop injury and optimize herbicide use.
Another effective herbicide is Isobutyl (Dingbuterrin), which controls grasses, broadleaves, and some sedges. It should be applied to the soil before sowing, with 270 ml per mu for sandy or loamy soils and 350 ml per mu for clay soils. Since Isobutyl is volatile, it must be incorporated into the soil within 20 minutes after application.
Metolachlor (Dore) is also widely used to manage annual grasses and some broadleaf weeds. It’s best applied before or immediately after sowing, with 100–200 ml per mu of 72% EC. Dosage should be adjusted based on soil type—lower in sandy soils, higher in clay. Soils with high organic matter require increased rates, and if the weather is dry, the herbicide should be mixed into the top 2–3 cm of soil.
Alachlor is another option for controlling grasses and some broadleaves. It’s applied pre-sowing or just after sowing, with 250–400 ml per mu of 48% EC. Again, soil conditions dictate the rate—less for sandy soils, more for clay. If dry conditions occur after application, mixing into the top layer or irrigation can improve performance.
Acetochlor is effective against both grasses and broadleaves. In northern China, where organic matter is below 6%, 150–200 ml per mu of 50% EC is used, while above 6% requires 200–270 ml per mu. It’s best applied immediately after sowing, and the herbicide should be mixed into the top 2–3 cm of soil. Using plastic mulch can reduce the required dose by about 30%.
For more complex weed infestations, herbicide mixtures are often used. Nicosulfuron (Yu Nong-le) is effective against grasses, barnyard grass, goosegrass, wild oats, and various broadleaves. It’s applied as a foliar spray at 100 ml per mu of 4% aqueous solution during the 3–4 leaf stage of corn.
Dicamba is ideal for controlling a wide range of broadleaf weeds. It’s applied at the 3–4 leaf stage of corn, with 33–40 ml per mu of 48% aqueous solution. When used correctly, it is safe for corn, but improper timing, excessive dosage, or incorrect application may cause phytotoxicity.
Atrazine combined with Nicosulfuron enhances the herbicidal spectrum and improves control over difficult weeds. This mixture reduces atrazine usage, increasing safety for subsequent crops. It’s applied at the 2–4 leaf stage of corn and weeds, with 67 ml of 4% Nicosulfuron + 100 ml of 40% Atrazine per mu. This combination offers improved efficiency and crop safety.
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