Watermelon cultivation requires careful attention to fertilization practices. Over-application of nitrogen alone can lead to excessive vegetative growth, which hinders flowering and fruit development. According to research, watermelon plants primarily absorb nitrogen before fruit set, while potassium uptake increases significantly after the fruit begins to develop. During the fruiting stage, nitrogen and potassium levels are nearly balanced, with peak absorption occurring as the fruits mature. At this point, nitrogen and potassium uptake declines, while phosphorus absorption rises. The ideal N:P:K ratio is 3.8:1:2.8 during the seedling stage, 3.6:1:1.7 during vine growth, and 3.5:1:4.6 during the fruiting period.
Avoid using chlorine-containing fertilizers like ammonium chloride or potassium chloride, as they can reduce sugar content and negatively affect the flavor of the watermelon. Excessive use of manure should also be avoided, as it may cause the plant to grow too vigorously, leading to poor fruit quality, thick rinds, and a sour taste.
Fertilizer should not be applied directly on the surface soil. Instead, it’s best to apply it deeper and cover it promptly. Nitrogen, in particular, can easily volatilize into ammonia gas if left exposed, which can damage leaves and reduce fertilizer efficiency. Fertilizing during rainy weather is not recommended, as high humidity and moist soil increase the risk of nutrient leaching and promote excessive vine growth.
When applying fertilizer, keep it at least 10 centimeters away from the main roots to avoid root burn. Also, avoid fertilizing during drought conditions, as dry soil can cause root cells to lose water, leading to physiological dehydration and even plant death. Proper timing and technique are essential for healthy watermelon growth and optimal yield.
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