Suckling piglets represent a critical growth phase in which pigs experience their fastest development, highest feed efficiency, and greatest economic returns. Scientific feeding of piglets involves managing them according to their physiological needs, aiming for rapid weight gain, larger litter sizes, higher survival rates, and improved health. This foundation is essential for successful later fattening. Based on best practices from local farms, the following seven key points should be prioritized in the scientific management of suckling piglets.
First, ensure that piglets consume colostrum as soon as possible—ideally within three hours after birth. Colostrum is rich in proteins, fats, vitamins, and antibodies, which are vital for newborns who lack natural immunity. It also contains more magnesium salts, aiding in the elimination of meconium, and has a more acidic composition that stimulates digestive activity. Without early access to colostrum, piglets may suffer from weakened immunity and poor health.
Second, encourage piglets to establish a nursing routine by fixing them to specific teats. Sows only milk for about 10–20 seconds per teat, so quick bonding prevents competition and uneven growth. By day two, all piglets should have a designated teat—smaller ones usually get the front teats, while larger ones take the rear. Massaging the sow’s udder and positioning the teats properly helps the piglets latch on effectively.
Third, maintain proper temperature control. Newborns require an environment around 32°C, gradually decreasing to about 22°C by two months. Cold temperatures can lead to hypothermia, reduced activity, and even death. In winter, use heat lamps, infrared boxes, or straw bedding to keep piglets warm. Avoid placing sows on concrete floors, and provide insulated pens or incubators to protect vulnerable piglets.
Fourth, supplement iron and other trace elements. Piglets are born with limited iron stores, and their daily needs exceed what they receive from milk. Deficiency can lead to anemia, weakness, and even death. A common method is to mix ferrous sulfate and copper sulfate in water and offer it twice daily. Alternatively, inject dextran iron-cobalt at 3 and 10 days of age.
Fifth, introduce early feeding starting at seven days old. Offer small amounts of cooked soybeans or wheat in areas where piglets frequently move. Gradually introduce soft feeds or sugar-water pastes to help them learn to eat. This early exposure prepares them for weaning.
Sixth, provide clean drinking water from five days old. Piglets need about 1/5 of their body weight in water daily. Lack of water can lead to dehydration and unsanitary drinking habits. Ensure fresh, clean water is always available.
Lastly, focus on hygiene and disease prevention. Keep the farrowing area clean and dry, and monitor piglets closely for signs of illness such as diarrhea. Vaccinate at 30 days old according to standard protocols to prevent infectious diseases. Proper care during this stage ensures healthier, stronger pigs ready for the next growth phase.
Dr pen
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