Early spring greenhouse eggplant cultivation, often due to temperature, light, water, gas, and fertilizer in various aspects of the regulation is not reasonable, can not meet the eggplant growth and development requirements, prone to a variety of abnormal symptoms, affecting the normal growth of plants, thereby reducing production. The common symptoms, causes and prevention methods are described below.
1. Stable seedlings: Eggplant in early spring often appear at the seedling stage of small leaves, dark green color, fine stalks, hair roots and other symptoms, such seedlings are slow seedlings after planting, weak growth, easy to drop flowers and fruits.
Causes of the disease: The seedbed temperature is too low (less than 15°C for a long time). The disease is most likely to occur. Water is used for heating facilities or for raising seedlings due to water consumption. If watering is not done in time, bed soil will be too dry.
Control methods: early spring quail eggplant nursery is at a low temperature, so temperature management is the most critical. First, use low-temperature-resistant varieties: such as Solanum oleracea 12 and Yuanza No. 2 in the circle eggplant, and Shouguang violet eggplant in the long eggplant, followed by heating facilities, such as laying a floor heating wire, and covering a small arch shed, two curtains Insulation facilities, timely watering, strengthen the management of temperature and moisture.
2. Falling, falling fruit, and fallen leaves: After flowering, the leaves fall off without result. In the low-temperature period, the lower leaves yellow and fall from the fall, and in the high-humidity period, the young eggplant softens and falls.
Cause of the disease: low temperature (below 15°C) or nighttime temperature (higher than 20°C) is easy to form short stupa, which is generally not a normal result; in addition to lack of nitrogen, it will make the plant grow weaker, branching Decrease, flower buds are stunted, and short stupas increase; when water and fertilizer are excessive, especially if the watering of the door is flowering, it is easy to drop, fruit drop and defoliation if the water is poured; the temperature is too low, nitrogen and phosphorus are applied excessively, the soil concentration is too large, and the plants are long-term. The imbalance of nutrition and aging, mainly due to zinc deficiency caused by reduced gibberellin synthesis of sequelae, the petiole and stem, stalk connection due to the lack of auxin, formed off the layer after shedding.
Prevention methods: In the early stage, strengthen the temperature management and take corresponding measures to increase the temperature. After watering the seedlings, control the seedlings with water until the door is open, then close the seedlings, start watering and fertilizing. When defoliation occurs, spray 700 times liquid zinc sulfate solution on the leaves or spray on the plants. Zinc nutrients (such as Lufengbao) can prevent growth and promote growth, and flowering fruits can also be used as a plant growth regulator. For example, 20-30 ml/kg of 2,4-D is applied on the upper end of flower bud and stalk, or sprayed with 40-50 mg/kg of anti-dropping agent.
3. Starch eggplant: The fruit is small, the skin is dull, and the texture is hard and bad.
The cause of the disease is: low temperature, low light or high temperature and strong light during fruit expansion; too much phosphorus fertilizer will affect the absorption of potassium and boron, which will make the fruit rigid; low temperature and low light during the flowering period will cause poor pollen development and affect pollination and fertilization. The appearance of parthenocarpy products.
Prevention methods: Strengthen the management of temperature and light, clean the film in time to increase the light transmittance, or hang a light curtain in the room to increase the light. Phosphate fertilizer is mainly applied to the roots of the seedlings when planting. During the result period, attention was paid to the application of potash fertilizer. Once there was a result of excessive use of phosphate fertilizer, potassium and boron fertilizers (potassium sulfate and borax) were used to reduce hazards.
4 crack eggplant, matte eggplant: cracking, splitting, dull skin, poor quality.
The cause of the disease: the damage of the tea tree borer, which makes the skin thicker and rougher, while the internal placenta continues to develop, resulting in not long inside length; during fruit enlargement, the drought makes the peel hard, and then suddenly watering; late fruit development, The soil was dry and water was not available.
Control measures: Use Kezite, Quxie Meng and other agents to control the tea cricket larvae. The results can not be short of water, even watering.
5. Pruning of the parietal lobe: The top of the bark of the plant is corked with cracks, the leaves are greenish, the edges are yellow, the top of the fruit is pitted, and it is easy to stain the blight and rotten fruit.
Cause of the disease: When alkaline soil or high-temperature light from low temperature and low light period, the transpiration of the ground increased, but the root absorption capacity is weak, resulting in the top leaves due to lack of calcium, lack of boron and litter.
Control methods: Calcium and boron fertilizers are added to the foliage. In case of high temperature and strong light weather, it is necessary to pay attention to ventilation and cooling. In the case of M. blight infection, Bordeaux's solution, Amizyme, Thiophanate-methyl and other antifungal agents can be used for prevention and treatment.
6. Buds are not open: The ovary does not inflate and the buds do not open.
Cause of disease: Boron deficiency.
Control methods: Spray 200 times liquid borax solution or boron-containing photosynthetic fertilizer on leaves.
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