Japanese chilly onion is a cold-resistant variety developed in Heze, Japan, by the Institute of Excellence and Melons. This cultivar is known for its strong cold tolerance, short leaves, thick wax coating, long white stems, early maturity, and rapid growth. It is typically sown 10 days before the start of autumn, transplanted in October, and harvested in spring. The plants can survive winter without any protective measures.
**Nursery Preparation:**
The ideal time to raise seedlings is between July 20 and August 20. Choose a well-drained, fertile sandy soil that doesn't retain water. The seedbeds should be 1.5 to 2.0 meters wide and extend as needed. Apply 50 kg of high-quality compound fertilizer per acre, then water thoroughly. After the water has been absorbed, evenly spread the seeds on the bed. Mix 5% phoxim granules with fine soil and cover the seeds with a layer of 2 to 3 cm. Protect the seedbed with shade cloth or plastic to prevent sun exposure and rain damage. Each 667 square meters requires 500 grams of seeds and about 150 square meters of seedbed space.
**Planting:**
From October 10 to November 10, after harvesting the previous crop, prepare the field by applying 3,000 kg of organic manure, 50 kg of triple compound fertilizer, 25 to 30 kg of urea, and 25 to 30 kg of potassium fertilizer per 667 square meters. Level the field and create ridges that are 30 cm wide and 25 cm high, oriented east-west. When planting, carefully pull out the seedlings, let them dry slightly, and insert them into the soil using bamboo sticks. Space the onions 18 cm apart within rows and 8 to 12 cm between rows, aiming for around 15,000 plants per mu. Water the seedlings immediately after planting to ensure good root establishment.
**Winter and Spring Management:**
Before the coldest weather arrives, water the fields with frozen water to protect the plants. As temperatures gradually rise in early spring, monitor the field and water and fertilize as needed. In the early stages, use small amounts of water to avoid over-saturation. Once the soil thaws completely, apply 30 kg of urea per 667 square meters along with irrigation. To harvest earlier, farmers can install small arch greenhouses before spring begins. This helps maintain a temperature around 20°C, sometimes even above 30°C. Ventilate in the morning to prevent overheating. As temperatures increase, the growth of the onion seedlings accelerates, and buds may appear. Remove any flower buds promptly to redirect the plant's energy back to vegetative growth, ensuring the quality of the green onions remains high.
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