Key points of production of pollution-free vegetables in protected areas

The use of systematic scientific methods to produce pollution-free vegetables is the only way for current agricultural production. To do a good job of pollution-free vegetables, first of all, the site environment for producing vegetables should meet pollution-free standards, ie, production bases, water, gas in greenhouses, and harmful substances in soil should be lower than the standards allowed by the state; secondly, it must be effective in the production process. Utilize natural biological resources, rationally use various production management and technical measures to reduce the consumption of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and prohibit the use of "highly toxic, high residue" and "triple" organic chemical substances. Take agricultural prevention, ecological control, and biological control as the first place in comprehensive prevention and control. Chemical prevention and control are used as a breakthrough means to establish a good environment for the production of vegetables, give full play to the role of natural control, and use fewer inputs to control pests and diseases. Below the allowable economic threshold, pollution-free products and higher economic benefits are achieved. 1. Agricultural Measures (1) Selection of disease-resistant varieties According to different vegetable varieties and major diseases and different sowing dates, select suitable varieties, such as downy mildew in greenhouses is the main disease, choose Zhongnong No. 8 and Jinchun 2 Number, Jinyou 3, etc.; greenhouse virus is the main disease, optional hair powder 802, L-402, etc.; pepper resistance varieties such as Zhongjiao No. 2, Xiangyan No. 4, No. 1 and No. 4 pepper, etc. . (2) Rational rotation, intercropping and deep plowing can improve the ecological conditions of vegetables and reduce the occurrence and spread of pests and diseases. Such as eggplant, melon vegetables and onions and garlic rotation can significantly reduce the occurrence of blight; cucumber and edible fungi intercropping, can effectively use space, and improve the ecological conditions of cucumber; onion, garlic, leeks, etc. and cruciferous , Solanaceae, melons and other intercropping can reduce pests and diseases. (3) Cultivate strong seedlings, ensure proper close planting, strengthen field management, change the traditional cold bed nursery for middle sheds or greenhouse electric heating lines, and raise seedlings with nutrients, that is, adopt high temperature to promote roots, but special emphasis should be placed on low temperature coal seedlings to make seedlings robust. Enhance the adaptability to low temperature and low light, at the same time pay attention to the prevention and treatment of disease at the seedling stage and improve the disease resistance of seedlings. In cultivation, the use of high-ridge cultivation, irrigation under the membrane and other methods to improve the greenhouse environment, but also can effectively control the occurrence of pests and diseases. (4) Apply organic manure and bio-fertilizer by formula fertilization, apply adequately decomposed organic manure, reduce the use of chemical fertilizers in a large amount, and encourage large-scale use of biological fertilizers, such as silicate bacterial biopotassium fertilizer and rhizobia fertiliser. Fine-grained fertilizer is best used for leaf application. Excessive application of soil fertilizer will change soil physical and chemical properties and cause pollution to soil and groundwater. (5) Grafting roots and melons Solanaceous vegetables are prone to some soil-borne diseases such as cucumber wilt disease, tomato bacterial wilt, eggplant verticillium wilt, etc. Due to long-term continuous cropping, disease can be effectively controlled by grafting and root replacement. . Such as the use of Yunnan black seed pumpkin grafted cucumber, cucumber wilt disease control effect of up to 98%. (6) Sterilization includes whitening of greenhouses, sterilization of soil tools, and eradication of pathogenic bacteria and pests that remain attached. In cultivation management, people are not allowed to enter and leave the facility, and personnel entering or exiting must be sterilized to prevent the spread of diseases and insects, and to find the disease spots. Insect source clears in time. (7) During the growth of the vegetable in the clear garden, the leaves, fruits or whole plants damaged by pests and diseases shall be removed in a timely manner and taken out of the field to be buried or burned. After the harvest of the previous crop, the residues, leaves, roots, etc. were completely removed, the number of pests was reduced, and the initial infection source was controlled. 2. Physical and ecological control (1) Hunting, repelling, trapping and killing pests such as aphids, cotton bollworms, cabbage caterpillars, thrips, etc., can be directly killed, silver reflective film insects, yellow sticky paper, sexual attractants, willow buds Moth, phosphorus insect repellent and other methods to prevent and control. (2) Isolation protection The use of insect nets can effectively prevent the damage of a large number of pests, and at the same time prevent rainstorms and strong winds; the use of shade nets can prevent the virus diseases of vegetables such as peppers after autumn, and can also play a role in shading. Seasonal vegetables provide good conditions for growth. (3) Seed treatment using seed coating agent protection or direct sunlight, high temperature sterilization, chemical seed dressing sterilization control. Such as the prevention of cucumber bacterial wilt, melon seeds can be soaked in 50 degrees warm water for 20 minutes, can also be used 40% formalin 1500 times liquid immersion 1.5 hours; with 10% trisodium phosphate solution soaking for 20 to 30 minutes, can prevent virus disease happened. (4) Ecological control means temperature and humidity treatment. Various diseases in the greenhouse have the temperature and humidity conditions of the disease. Under the conditions allowed by the crop, artificially changing the room temperature of the greenhouse can control the spread of pests. Using a short-term high-temperature high temperature stuffy shed in the sunny morning can effectively control cucumber downy mildew, tomato gray mold, melon black spot disease. For cucumber and celery root knot nematode disease prevention and control can be used to cover the film after irrigation, the use of sunlight to achieve high temperatures to kill nematodes. (5) Insect pests, such as the use of granulosis virus control of cabbage caterpillars, can be killed in the worms rot stored in bottles, add some organic phosphorus pesticides or biological pesticides, add water for 1 to 2 days, filter, add water 1000 times, the prevention and control of Pieris rapae is very good. 3, biological control the use of natural enemies of pests and microbial insecticide, fungicides to prevent possible pests and diseases. (1) Protect pests or predators against insect pests to protect or collect, catch frogs to release fields, effectively control lepidopteran pests; find whitefly in sheds and immediately release larvae, each having 667 square meters of bees under 1 head 1,000 to 3,000 heads. In addition, natural enemies of pests include seven-spotted ladybugs and Trichogramma. (2) The use of antibiotics for pest control Bacillus thuringiensis series against Lepidoptera larvae and cockroaches; used in 10% Liuyangmycin to prevent beans, Solanum species of spider mites, Chahuang etc. (3) Treatment with antibiotics using 150 times liquid of agricultural anti-120 irrigation roots to prevent melon wilt, spray prevention of melon powdery mildew tomato early blight, etc.; 2% Wuyimycin 150 times to prevent cucumber scab, tomato leaves Mildew has a good effect. Agricultural streptomycin, neophytin 4000 ~ 5000 times spray control Solanaceae, melons, vegetables, bacterial diseases have a good control effect. 4. In the production of pollution-free vegetables, chemical control is only a preparatory measure and it only uses high-efficiency, low-toxicity, low-residue pesticides. In the technical measures of chemical control, attention should be paid to the right medicine, and the spraying method should be improved. The small-hole spraying film, ultra-low-volume spraying technology and electrostatic spraying system should be adopted. On the basis of correct measurement, strict control of the appropriate control of different pests and diseases, the use of various chemical pesticide doses and safety intervals.

The Platewarmer uses minimum of energy due to the grid design of the heating element and provides a practical way to heat 3-12 plates in less time than it takes to cook a meal, leaving room in your oven for the cooking. To use the Plate Warmer, simply place up to 4 plates in each fold and switch on.

Electric Plate Warmers are thermostatically controlled to keep the plates at the ideal temperature to serve hot food whilst leaving the outer edges safe to handle and are a safe and easy alternative to heating up plates in the oven. The Electric Plate Warmer can be personalised with your own bespoke logo and/or design colour.

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Electric Plate Warmer

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