Prenatal diagnosis technology for senior pregnant women

The laboratory technique for prenatal diagnosis consists of two parts: screening and diagnosis. Screening is an assessment of the risk of fetal abnormality. Diagnosis usually requires invasive techniques. It is a means of diagnosis of fetal abnormalities. Doctors can make clinical treatment based on the prenatal diagnosis results or suggest fetal treatment for pregnant women, but there are certain risks. There are limitations of the application object, restrictions on the acceptance of pregnant women, and restrictions on medical resources. The advantages and limitations of each technology should be fully considered.

First, commonly used prenatal diagnostic techniques

1. Fetal cell karyotype analysis:

It is the gold standard for the diagnosis of chromosomal diseases. Within the resolution of the visible band, the number and structural abnormalities of all chromosomes can be found and diagnosed, and the information obtained by analyzing the chromosomes is "holographic". The technology requires cell culture, chromosome preparation, karyotyping and other steps, all relying on the manual operation of experienced doctors and technicians, the degree of automation is low, and the inspection and diagnosis cycle is long.

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2. Molecular diagnostic techniques:

Rapid prenatal diagnostic techniques including fluorescence in situ hybridization, gene amplification-related techniques (such as fluorescence quantitative PCR-related techniques, multiple-link probe amplification techniques), bacterial artificial chromosome markers-magnetic bead separation techniques, etc.; The resolution, the inspection time is shortened, and the detection efficiency is high, but only the target disease set by the kit can be detected, and the abnormality of the genome cannot be analyzed globally.

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