In recent years, yellow leaf disease has become increasingly prevalent in soybean and other legume crops, posing a serious threat to agricultural productivity. If left uncontrolled, this condition can lead to severe damage, including early symptoms like yellowing leaves, stunted growth, and no pod formation. In the mid-stage of infection, even if pods develop, they may be empty or result in significant yield loss.
The causes of yellow leaf disease are multifaceted. First, the prolonged use of chemical fertilizers and the reduced application of organic manure have led to soil compaction, reducing its fertility. Second, the widespread use of combine harvesters and the burning of wheat straw has disrupted the topsoil structure, making it more vulnerable to degradation. Third, nutrient deficiencies—such as iron and calcium—can trigger the disease. Lastly, bacterial infections are a major contributing factor.
There are several types of yellow leaf disease, including nutrient-deficiency type, bacterial type, and sugar-deficiency type. Prolonged rainfall and poor photosynthesis can cause plants to lack sugar, leading to yellow leaves, premature aging, defoliation, and ultimately lower yields.
To prevent and manage yellow leaf disease, farmers should adopt the following measures: first, apply more farmyard manure to improve soil structure and fertility. Second, implement balanced fertilization and supplement essential trace elements such as zinc, iron, sulfur, and calcium. Third, avoid burning wheat straw and instead discard it properly to protect the soil. Fourth, when yellow leaf symptoms appear, spray a mixture of micro-fertilizers with a fungicide like "Guarantee" and a plant growth regulator such as "Green Wind 95," "Sanri Ling," or "Hui Manfeng." After spraying, add brown sugar (2-3 kg per acre) and wait three days for the plants to recover and return to normal.
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