Physical control of pests and weeds mainly involves the use of high temperatures to kill pathogenic bacteria and eggs in the seeds and soil, use light and color to trap pests or repel pests, and to cover weeds against weeds. The application of physical methods to control pests and diseases of vegetables can effectively reduce the incidence of diseases and weeds, reduce the use of pesticides, and improve the quality of vegetables.
First, high temperature insecticidal sterilization
1. Warm soup soaked. Treat it with warm water at about 55°C for 10 to 15 minutes or for some seed coats with thicker grains such as beans, pick up in the boiling water for a few seconds and store it in the sun for no insects. Dry heat treatment of solanaceous fruit and melon seeds at a constant temperature of 70[deg.] C. can passivate the virus.
2. High temperature stuffy shed. In the early stage of cucumber downy mildew, high temperature stuffy sheds can be used to kill pathogens, and some whitefly can also be killed. It can also be used in the summer with high temperature stuffy sheds, that is to say, the soil in greenhouses can be turned upside down. Closing the greenhouse or covering the surface with a film in the open air can make the temperature in the sheds and membranes above 70°C, thereby naturally killing the pests.
3. The traditional rural use of foliage, weeds barbecue soil, winter snow cover the soil, but also can kill the soil in the pests.
Second, trapping pests
Trapping and killing pests is a method of trapping and killing insect pests based on the tendency of pests to phototropism, chemotaxis, and the like. This method is simple, low-cost, and effective. It is one of the main technical measures for the development of pollution-free vegetables. The main methods of baiting are as follows:
1. Frequency-type insecticidal lamp. This technology utilizes the light source, wavelength, color, and odor tropism of pests, selects light sources and wavelengths that have a strong trapping effect on pests, induces insect pest fluttering lights, and kills pests through the power grid, which can effectively prevent and control pests. Control the use of chemical pesticides to reduce environmental pollution. Because the lamp has a low killing power to natural enemies, it has protected a large number of natural enemies in practical applications and maintained the ecological balance. The use of frequency vibration type insecticidal lamp, attracting large insecticidal, killing a wide spectrum, can kill Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, Homoptera 4 orders 11 families of more than 200 kinds of pests.
2. Sweet and sour venom trap. 3 parts of sugar, 4 parts of vinegar, 1 part of wine, and 2 parts of water are blended into a sweet and sour liquid, and 90% of the crystal trichlorfon is added into the sweet and sour liquid in a ratio of 5%. On a mound 1 meter high in the vegetable plot, put 3 pieces of sweet vinegar per acre, cover it during the day, and open it at night to trap and kill adult insects such as Spodoptera litura, Brassica julibriss, Spodoptera litura, and small earthworm.
3. Willow branches attract moths. Half-withered poplar twigs, willow branches and twigs of about 60 centimeters will be bundled into bundles of 10 bundles. A small wooden stick is tied at one end of the base, 5 to 10 twigs are inserted per mu, and 95% of the crystals are enemies. Insects 300 times liquid, can kill insects such as tobacco budworm, cotton bollworm, armyworm, Spodoptera litura, silver-winged moth and other pests.
4. Poison bait traps tigers. During the larval period, fresh young grass was collected, and 50 grams of 90% crystal trichlorfon was dissolved in 11 liters of warm water, and then evenly sprayed onto young grass. In the evening, it was placed next to the infected plants or sprinkled between the rows of plants to perform bait trapping. .
5. Black light trap moth. In the period of adult emergence of the moth caterpillar, adult insects will start to be trapped. Each 30-mu vegetable field will be piled with a mound about 1 m high. A water basin shall be placed on the mound. The basin shall contain a half basin of water and a little kerosene shall be added above the basin. A 20-watt black light is suspended 20 centimeters from the water surface. The light turns on from 9:00am to 4:00am the next day. It can trap and kill diamondback moth, Spodoptera litura, Brassica julibriss, Silver-wing moth, Beet-heath moth, and Small field. Adults of pests such as tigers, larvae, pods, cockroaches, chafers, and cotton bollworms.
6. Yellow plate inducement. Apply 30 lacquer on both sides of the 30 cm-centimeter-long and 30-centimeter cardboard. Brush the surface with a layer of No. 10 oil on the board. Place 10 to 15 boards per acre of the vegetable field. The yellow board should be higher than the plant 30. In centimeters, insect pests such as aphids, whiteflies in the greenhouse, and Liriomyza sativae can be bred and killed to prevent their migration and harm.
Third, block pests
The vents of greenhouses with heavy pests cover insect nets, which can block pests and prevent pests from moving. In general, pests of 24 to 30 mesh are used to prevent invasion of pests such as Plutella xylostella, Pieris rapae, Spodoptera litura, beet moth, and aphids and leaf miners.
Fourth, repelling pests
By using the negative tendency of silver worms to gray silver, the silver-gray film is covered on the ground. The method is the same as covering the mulch and can receive better avoiding effect.
V. Manual killing of pests
For pests with larger pests such as beetles, cotton bollworms and cockroaches, they can be caught manually in the early stages of their occurrence. Some spawning blocks or newly hatched feeding should be promptly removed by destroying the leaves, and can be captured and concentrated at the peak of the migration of adults.
VI. Covering weeding
The use of black and green mulch or leaves, straw, sawdust, peat, paper scraps, etc. to cover the surface of cultivated sorghum or work lanes has the effect of preventing weeds and indirectly eliminating pests.
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