Mechanism of Plant Cooling in Hot Weather

In recent days, the hot weather has been almost unbearable. There are still 11 people in Dongguan who have committed suicide because of "emotional heat stroke." It is obvious that the weather has a great influence on people's physical and mental health. The people who can move are still so. How can the plants that cannot move be good, not afraid, and the plants have their own tricks. The University of Toronto, Canada, has discovered how a plant can "breathe" through a genetic analysis study, helping to understand how plants can control their genes to survive in the heat of the sun. This article was published in the July issue of Current Biology. There is a structure covering the surface of plant leaves and green stems, called the stomata. The stomata can be seen as a simple portal between the leaves of the plant and the surrounding atmosphere. During the photosynthesis process, CO2 is allowed to diffuse inwards and O2 is discharged outwards, allowing water to diffuse outwards through evaporation. The number and openings of pores represent the response to a series of interacting internal and external conditions (such as light, temperature, and moisture, etc.), and their time scale can range from a few minutes to as long as a thousand years. The University of Toronto, along with Campbell and other collaborators at the University of Lancaster, passed the mouse-ear cress, a species close to mustard, cabbage, and radish. Plant studies compared the rate of plant cooling when a gene had normal activity, high or low levels. From their experimental results, this gene is closely related to the plant's "breathing." Another aspect of the study is to understand how plants react to the external environment. When temperatures are high, plants lose their moisture and gas through evaporation, and their "mouth" closes longer than usual. However, in order to obtain the CO2 required for photosynthesis and to release O2 to the outside of the plant, the plant must open the pores for some time. The role of genes controlling this process is important because it allows plants to adjust under different light, CO2, and moisture conditions. It will eventually affect the entire ecological environment and the global carbon cycle. This discovery is conducive to breeding drought-resistant plants and understanding the impact of climate on evolution (Biological Reporter: Zhang Di).

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