As September comes to an end, temperatures begin to drop, and the weather turns cooler. This month marks the arrival of two important solar terms: "White Dew" and "Autumn Equinox." Vegetable farming is now in a high season, with autumn crops being harvested, and winter and spring vegetables being sown and planted. It's crucial to adjust farming practices according to the weather conditions and ensure timely sowing and cultivation of autumn vegetables.
First, it's essential to monitor weather changes and improve vegetable management, especially during thunderstorms and hail events. Natural disasters like typhoons, heavy rains, and droughts can still occur this month, so proactive measures must be taken to minimize damage and support post-disaster recovery. With many winter vegetables starting to be sown, particularly in the second half of the month, it's vital to strengthen protective measures for seedlings to avoid losses.
In case of severe damage from storms or hail, quick action is necessary. For instance, if crops are severely affected, consider broadcasting fast-growing leafy vegetables like green beans, cucumbers, or lettuce. Vegetables like tomatoes, cowpeas, and cucumbers that have lost about 50% of their yield can be pruned and allowed to regrow through lateral branches. For cabbages and lettuces that cannot branch, intercropping with other plants like cowpeas or cucumbers can help maintain productivity. Foliar fertilizers should be applied every seven days for three times to boost plant resilience. Damaged leaves and branches should be removed promptly to prevent disease spread. After a locust infestation, crops may suffer wounds and reduced resistance, so immediate spraying is essential to control potential infections.
In terms of vegetable farming, this month is ideal for greenhouse cultivation of eggplants, tomatoes, and peppers. High temperatures and rain can lead to rapid growth but also increase the risk of leggy seedlings. Using plastic greenhouses with proper ventilation, shade nets, and controlled watering will help produce strong, uniform seedlings. Transplanting should be done when seedlings have two leaves and one heart, typically between 10 am and 3 pm on sunny days.
For autumn crops such as celery, potatoes, radishes, spinach, and stem lettuce, sowing should continue throughout the month. Choosing high-quality seeds and preparing well-drained soil is key. Fast-growing vegetables like young greens and spinach can be sown in batches to meet off-season market demands.
Transplanting of cauliflower, broccoli, cabbage, and celery can also proceed this month. Choose suitable plots, manage spacing properly, and transplant on cloudy days or after 3 pm. Water thoroughly and use shade nets for a few days to aid survival. Early preparation of seedbeds is also needed for winter vegetables like mustard and pickled cabbage.
Field management involves careful irrigation, fertilization, and pest control. Greenhouse temperatures remain high, so proper ventilation and rain protection are necessary. Drip irrigation helps maintain moisture levels. Flower protection using plant growth regulators should be done in the late afternoon to reduce stress. Open-field vegetables should follow non-polluted production standards, including weeding, pruning, and timely harvesting.
Harvesting this month includes Chinese cabbage, leeks, autumn beans, edamame, radishes, and gourds. Timely harvests help ensure a steady supply of off-season vegetables.
Pest control is critical. Common pests include cutworms, diamondback moths, and aphids. Effective treatments include insecticides like Taibao Jiamiman or Farmland Music. Diseases like black spot on cauliflower or white spot on cabbages can be managed with fungicides such as Senzin Zinc or chlorothalonil. For damping-off disease in seedlings, treatments like thiophanate or chlorothalonil are recommended.
Finally, before sowing in October, it’s important to disinfect greenhouses to reduce the risk of pests and diseases. Starting this process in September ensures a healthier growing environment for the upcoming season.
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