The quality of ram stocks, the appearance, the production performance, and the breeding and breeding of sheep and sheep are greatly affected by the quality of rams. A ram with good quality cannot develop its seed value well if it is cultivated poorly. The number of rams is small and the value of planting is high. As the saying goes: “The rams are good, the slopes are good, the ewes are good, and there is a good nestâ€. The rams must be meticulously reared and managed, and they must maintain a medium-to-high sensation, robust physique, abundant energy, and vigorous semen quality throughout the year to ensure and increase the utilization of the breeding sheep. (1) The dietary characteristics of rams The requirements for ram feeds are high nutritional value, adequate amounts of protein, vitamins, and minerals, and they are easily digested and have good palatability. Good clover grass, clover, green oat grass and so on. Succulent feeds include carrots, beets or silage corn. Concentrates include oats, barley, peas, black beans, corn, sorghum, bean cakes, and wheat bran. High-quality grass and leguminous mixed hay are the main feed for rams and should be fed as much as possible throughout the year. Half of the summer will be mowing the grass and winter will be filled with the right amount of silage. Insufficient nutrient for dietary supplements. Corn or barley should not be used in concentrates, and bran, peas, soybeans, or cakes should be used for protein supplementation. Excellent rams with heavy breeding tasks can supplement animal feed. (2) Breeding at the non-breeding period To complete the mating task, during the non-breeding period, it is necessary to strengthen rearing, strengthen the exercise, and grazing should be carried out when conditions permit, laying the foundation for the breeding period. In the breeding season, the body vitality is more than 10%-15% of the season's busy season. If this indicator is not completed, breeding will be affected. In the non-breeding period, in addition to grazing, the winter daily general supply 0.5 kg of refined material, hay 3 kg carrot 0.5 kg, salt 5 grams -10 grams, 5 grams of bone meal in summer to grazing, appropriate supplements, daily Feed 3 times - 4 times, drinking once - 2 times. (3) Two phases of breeding period (1 month - 1.5 months before mating) and breeding period of breeding and breeding species during the breeding season. The amount of feed should be increased during the preparation and preparation period, and 60% to 70% of the feed should be given, gradually increasing the amount of concentrate to the breeding period. During the breeding period, the nerves of the rams are in a state of excitement, and they are often uneasy and uneasy to eat. The management of this period must be especially meticulous. The feed quality is better, and some fishmeal, eggs, and goat milk can be supplemented when necessary, so as to make up for a great deal of nutrient consumption during the breeding period. During the breeding period, if the amount of protein is insufficient and the quality is poor, the ram performance, semen quality and conception rate will be affected. The daily feed quotas for the breeding season are roughly: 1.2 kg to 1.4 kg of mixed concentrate, 2 kg of hay or wild grass, 0.5 kg to 1.5 kg of carrots, 15-20 g of salt, 5 g to 10 g of bone meal, blood meal or fish meal5 Grams were divided into 2 times -3 times for fodder, drinking 3 times -4 times. Daily grazing or exercise time is about 6 hours. The well-prepared concentrate should be spread evenly in the trough, and it is necessary to constantly observe the good or bad appetite of the ram in order to timely adjust the feed and discriminate the health condition of the ram. The rams must be kept away from the ewes. Otherwise, the ewes will be called. The rams will stand at the door and climb on the wall. The ram house should be selected for ventilation, sunny, dry place. Each ram takes about 2 square meters. High temperature and humidity in the summer will have adverse effects on the quality of semen. During this period, grazing should be conducted in a cool highland and rested in a well-ventilated shade. The rams should be appropriate for breeding and harvesting. Generally 1 ram can bear the task of breeding 30 to 50 ewes. The rams begin sperm collection 1 month to 1.5 months before mating and check semen quality at the same time. One week of sperm extraction is performed once, and then it is increased to 2 times a week. When breeding, it can be collected once or twice a day. Do not continuously collect sperm. For 1.5-year-old male rams, sperm extraction should not be more than one or two times in a day. A 2.5-year-old ram can collect three to four times per day. If there are many times of sperm extraction, there should be a rest period during this time. Rams should not eat too much before taking sperm. Breeding and management of breeding ewes requires the maintenance of higher levels of nutrients for the purpose of achieving multiple births, prolificacy, and strength. Ewes were divided into three phases: empty period, gestation period and lactation period. (1) The breeding of breeding and breeding ewes in the empty period should pay enough attention. The nutritional status at this stage has a lot to do with the estrus, breeding, abortion and subsequent fetal development of the ewes. 1 to 1.5 months before mating, quality grass should be given, or grazing in grazing pasture. According to the nutritional status of sheep and individuals, appropriate supplements should be given to keep the sheep's high nutritional level. (b) Pregnancy during pregnancy (about 3 months) Due to the slow development of the fetus and the need for less nutrients, general grazing or giving enough grass, adequate supplements to meet the needs. Late pregnancy is the time when the fetus grows rapidly, and 90% of the birth weight is increased during the second trimester of gestation. If nutrition is not sufficient at this stage, the lamb will have a small primary weight, weak resistance, and it will easily die. Because of bad public opinion, she was not ready for lactation during the lactation period and was short of milk. Therefore, supplementary feeding should be strengthened at this time. In addition to grazing, every sheep needs 450 g of concentrate, 1 kg to 1.5 kg of hay, 1.5 kg of silage, and 15 g of salt and bone meal. For pregnant ewes must be high quality forage, pay attention to miscarriage. Moldy, spoilage, spoilage, and frozen feeds cannot be fed and do not drink very cold water. Management should be particularly meticulous. Grazing, herding, drinking water, and supplementary feeding should all be ordered slowly and steadily to prevent overcrowding and gliding, prevent skipping and jumping, and prevent undue losses. Therefore, we should choose as much as possible. Grazing land is grazing. Particular attention should be paid to avoid catching and disturbing the flock without any reason, and to stop the fighting between the sheep in time to prevent miscarriage. The late gestation of ewes, especially the management before delivery, should be particularly meticulous. The ewes fall down in the armpits, hang down on the abdomen, swollen the breasts, swollen vulva, and run out of mucous. Often lying alone in the corner of the wall, frequent urination, uneasy movements, and lying down from time to time. Constantly looking back and giving a tweet etc. are the performances of the ewes before their delivery. The sheep sheds and the ramming bar are cleaned once, the sterilized, the doors and windows are repaired, the wind tunnel is plugged, and the grass is ready to be filled. We must do a good job of preparations before delivery. (3) Breast-feeding breast-feeding is the main source of nutrients for the growth and development of lambs, especially in the first 20-30 days after delivery. There are many ewe-milk, good lambs, strong disease resistance, and high survival rate. If the ewes are not well-fed, the ewes will lose weight, produce less milk, and affect the growth and development of the lamb. The newly-born ewes have empty stomachs, physical weakness, poor physical and water consumption, and poor digestive function. These days, they must give high-quality digestible hay, salt water, and bran soup. Silage and juicy feeds have a milking effect, but not too early. During 1 to 3 days of lambing, if the lyrical condition is good, the concentrate can be fed less, and the quality hay can be fed mainly to indigestion or mastitis. In the pre-lactation period, nursing mothers usually need 500 g of mixed concentrate, 3 kg of hay and 1.5 kg of carrots. In the winter, special attention should be paid to supplementing juicy feed such as carrots to ensure sufficient milk juice. In the late lactation period, the lactating ability of the ewes gradually declines, and the lambs can feed their own forages and concentrates. They do not depend on breast milk for survival. The feeding standards can be reduced. Generally, the concentrates can be reduced to 0.3 kg-0.45 kg and hay 1 kg- 2 kg, 1 kg carrot. When the lamb eats milk, prevent it from eating. Lambs eat more breasts, milk bags later, eat less breasts, later milk package. If the breast is too big or too small, the breast sagging affects the lamb's feeding. People need to control the lamb so that the lamb will eat evenly the milk on both sides of the breast and keep the size of the ewes in the ewes moderately high. When ewes and lambs grazing, the time should be from short to long, and the distance should be from near to far. Special attention should be paid to changes in the weather and the sheep should be returned in time. Before weaning, it is necessary to reduce the amount of espresso feed, silage, and concentrate feeding to prevent mastitis. In the shed of ewes, we must constantly change the bedding and clean it regularly. The dirt should be promptly removed and kept clean and dry. Lamb feeding and management Lambs are called lambs from birth to weaning (usually 3.5 months to 4 months of age). The lamb is the fastest growing period of life. According to statistics, the number of male lambs increased from 3.61 kilograms to 30.04 kilograms within 4 months and the female lambs increased from 3.84 kilograms to 27.33 kilograms. The digestive function at this time is not perfect, it is poor in adaptability to the outside world, and the process of nutrition from blood, milk juice to forage material has changed greatly. The development of lambs is closely related to the weight and productivity of subsequent adult sheep. Therefore, we must attach great importance to the management of lambs and cultivate good lambs. In view of the growth characteristics of lambs, the following aspects should be grasped in the feeding and management: (1) Within 1 to 3 days after the lambs of the colostrum are fully fed, the lamb must be given colostrum. Colostrum is the endocrine milk of the ewes 1 to 3 days after delivery. Colostrum is different from normal milk, thick yellow, rich in protein, fat, amino acid composition, vitamins more complete and adequate, containing more minerals, especially magnesium, laxative effect, can promote fetal excretion, It contains many antibodies and is a nature protection product. It has anti-disease effect and can resist the invasion of external microorganisms. Colostrum plays a special and important role in the growth and health of lambs. The fact that colostrum is not eaten will bring about irreparable losses in the lamb's life. (b) After feeding a regular milk lamb and eating it for 3 days, it is until the weaning stage that it is feeding the normal milk. Lambs rely mainly on breast milk for several weeks after birth. First of all, it is necessary to intensify supplementary feeding for ewe ewes, supplement concentrates and succulent feeds properly, maintain good nutritional status of ewes, promote milking power, make them have sufficient milk supply, and feed lambs with sufficient whole milk. It is necessary to take care of the lambs to eat breastmilk and to seek even breastfeeding for one or more lambs, to prevent the stronger from eating more, and the weak to eat less. (3) Early feeding In order to make lambs grow fast and have good growth performance, besides colostrum and regular milk, supplements should be provided as soon as possible to not only make the lambs obtain more complete nutrients, but also to improve gastrointestinal training. Digestive function, promote the healthy development of the gastrointestinal system, enhance the body of the lamb. One week after birth, the Little Tail Han sheep began to learn to eat young grass and feed along with the ewes. After the 10th to 15th day of the lamb's day, fresh grass and some soft, high-quality hay and leaves are introduced. The grass can also be tied into small bundles and hung on a shelf that can be eaten by the lambs at high places for lambs to feed at any time. . In order to allow the lambs to eat as soon as possible, cornmeal and bean noodles may be mixed with boiled porridge or stirred in water for the lambs to eat. The fried condiments may also be served in pots so that the lambs smell the incense first and then feed. , Or let the powder material coated on the lamb's mouth, so that it repeatedly grinding food, waiting for it to smell the sweet taste of sweet taste, it will rush like eating with big sheep. (d) Proper grazing of lambs for proper exercise can enhance physical fitness and increase resistance to disease. The first few days of the newborn lambs are kept in the circle for 5 days to 7 days. The lambs can be moved to a place with plenty of sunlight. The first half of the day is sunlit for 1 hour and then gradually increased. After 3 weeks, the lambs can be grazing with the ewes to begin approaching. Some of them choose grazing where the terrain is flat, the leewards are sunny, and the pasture is good. Gradually increasing the grazing distance, the mother and child will walk slowly with the animal husbandry, and the lamb will not love the group. Be careful not to lose the lamb. After 30 days of age, lambs can be grouped and grazing, and the grazing time can be gradually increased with the lamb's age. Do not go to low moisture, soft pasture grazing, lambs and loose soil is easy to get gastro-intestinal disease, easy to get parasitic disease in low-humidity areas. When grazing, pay attention to training lambs from a young age to listen to the password. (5) When the weaning lambs are weaned at a proper time, the weaning and development of normal lambs should be scientifically based on the growth and development conditions. By 3 months to 4 months of age, a large amount of pastures and fodder can be eaten, with independent living ability, and can be switched to weaning. Breeding lambs. Lamb development is relatively uniform and can be used for weaning once. If the development is strong or weak, weaning method can be used, that is, the strong lambs are weaned first. Weakly lean lambs continue to breastfeed and the weaning time can be extended appropriately. After weaning, the lamb is left in the original shed. The ewes are locked in the farther sheep house to prevent the lamb from reading the mother and affecting the feeding. Weaning should be gradual and generally takes 7 days to 10 days to complete. When weaning begins, the mother and child are allowed to breastfeed together twice a day in the morning and evening. Later changed to breastfeeding once. Lamb lack of milk supplement method for the milk-free lamb, fresh eggs, cod liver oil, salt, three items, with the boiled water to stir together even feeding. For young lambs, the milk can be mixed with the above items and the effect is better. The specific method is: 1 fresh egg, 4 ml of cod liver oil or 1 grain, 2 grams of salt, 100 ml of boiling water, mix fresh eggs, cod liver oil, and salt into a cup, pour in boiling water and mix well until cool to 38°C～40°C. You can feed lambs. The lambs within 7 days after birth should be fed 4 to 6 times a day, 50 ml each time, or the daily feed volume should be 1/5 to 1/4 of the birth weight, and increase daily thereafter. On the 8th day after birth, the amount of feed can be increased to 0.8-1.0 kg. As the lambs continue to grow, they begin to train and eat in 15 days, and they can gradually reduce cod liver oil. One month later, gradually reduce the amount of feed and increase forage feed. Small-tailed Han sheep production 1, prenatal preparation (1) 1-2 days before the ewes to keep the circling line feeding or circling in the nearest circle; (2) prepare the delivery room (sweep, with 20% lime water, or carbolic acid, Disinfection of vegetation and ash, etc.); (3) Ready for production of iodine, washbasins, towels, herbal soap or Lysol, benzalkonium, potassium permanganate, etc.; (4) Lambing plan and lambing registration, etc.; (5) In the 3 days before birth, the ewes' feed is reduced to a minimum and the concentrates are as usual. 2. Confidence in production (1) Let the ewes lie flat or in front of the high and low areas to facilitate lambing; (2) The ewes are nuzzled and the confinement catch the lambs to gently pull the lambs. Then rip off the umbilical cord (about 1 inch from the abdomen), squeeze out the bloody water, sterilize it with iodine, prevent tetanus, etc.; (3) Let the ewes dry the lambs, to enhance the nanny and to facilitate the discharge of the placenta, if necessary, clean Straw assists in rubbing the lambs with a large amount of mucus and fetal water. In addition to winter, spring and late autumn lambs need to heat the delivery room, the other time do not have to fire insulation; (4) stripped fetal hooves, let the lamb stand up, artificial assistance to eat the first milk; half an hour later called the birth weight; (5) Multiple-tailed Small Tail Han sheep have different time intervals for producing lambs. They are a few minutes faster. They are slower for nearly one hour or longer. When the last lamb is produced, they drink warm water and salt water to the ewes and they do not drink for five days. cold water. Concentrates gradually increased and reached the prescribed amount on the 10th day, after which it was deemed necessary to increase the amount of concentrate; (6) Inject tetanus toxoid or antitoxin into the lamb within 5 days.
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