Lily breeding method
To produce high-quality lily cut flowers, the first condition is to have robust and disease-free bulbs. Lily breeding (or "planting ball production") can usually be divided into post-flowering, bulblet propagation, scale cutting, bud propagation, seeding, and tissue culture. Here are some of the major breeding methods.
(1) After the flower is cultivated, it is also called the big ball breeding method. When the lily begins to bloom, new underground bulbs have formed but have not yet matured into "big balls." Therefore, in harvesting and cutting flowers, as long as the length of the flowering branches is guaranteed, leaves are reserved as much as possible to facilitate the cultivation of new balls. Six to eight weeks after flowering, the new bulb matures and can be harvested. The success of future cultivation depends entirely on the maturity of the new bulb.
(2) Small bulbs are propagated in the sections below the surface of the lily stalk. Several bulbs are formed. These bulbs have a sound root system that can be planted separately and cultivated into commercial cut bulbs. At the beginning, bulbs can be planted in plastic boxes and peat, vermiculite and fine sand can be cultured in a 2:2:1 ratio. One year later, the grown bulbs were planted in a cultivating bed or pot. The cultivation of bulbs requires more fertilizer, the principle of fertilization is less, and the nutrients are all at the same time. Stirring long-acting organic fertilizers in the cultivation medium is an ideal fertilization method. In the second year of bulb cultivation (commonly known as bulb cultivation), some buds will appear. These buds should be removed in time to facilitate the cultivation of underground bulbs. Bulblets can be used as flowering bulbs after being cultivated for 2 years. After harvesting, they should be graded according to the specifications, and the susceptible balls should be removed and packaged.
(3) Bulb cuttings using robust scale cuttings is one of the methods for breeding lily bulbs. The peat can be used as the cutting matrix: fine sand = 4:1, pure peat can also be used. Insert one-third (or three centimeters) of the scales into the pre-prepared substrate, keep the substrate moist after insertion, avoid moisture and high temperatures, and prevent scales from decaying. The temperature is maintained at 22-25°C and the relative air temperature is maintained at about 90%. There is no special requirement for sunshine, but long days favor the formation, growth and development of bulblets. After 2 weeks, small scaly protrusions were visible at the base of the scales; after 3 weeks, one or more fleshy roots grew gradually at the base of the bulbs; after 1 month, fine leaves could be drawn to become a The bulbs of an independent life.
(4) Tissue Culture Lily tissue culture is easier to survive. The explants that can be used for tissue culture include scales, leaves, bulbs, buds, young shoots, roots, and the like, and scales are the most convenient. The intermediate scales were peeled off from healthy and disease-free bulbs, and were sterilized and inoculated on a previously prepared medium. For different species or varieties of lily, the hormone content and species are not the same, such as the first culture with MS. Base + BA 0.3 mg/l + NAA 0.1 mg/l, allowing the material to differentiate into buds. Then, transfer to the rooting medium MS+NAA 0.8-1.0 mg/L+BA 0.2 mg/L to continue the cultivation, and a large number of daughter bulbs can be produced. Lily culture conditions: temperature 22 °C -26 °C, light 1000 - 1200 lux, 10-14 hours daily illumination, medium pH 5.6 ~ 5.8.
Lily scale cutting propagation
1 new bulb root 2 new bulb 3 new bulb ground
The bulbs propagated by the above method need to be cultivated for 1-2 years to reach the cultivation bulb.
Cultivation management
In the case of cut flower cultivation in the March to May period, where the cut flower market is the most difficult, for example, the soilless cultivation of lilies usually adopts a matrix tank planting method, and the organic ecological soilless cultivation method is more appropriate. The cultivation matrix can be made of peat moss, rot leaves, sawdust, mushroom residue, vermiculite, perlite, bone powder, plant-wood ash and other organic solid fertilizers to form an ideal composite matrix. The pH is preferably 5.5-6.5.
Lilies that need to be flowered from March to May can be taken out from the beginning of December last year to late February, and the bulbs after low-temperature treatment are gradually taken out and planted in batches. With proper management, they can bloom as scheduled.
The planting density differs depending on the variety, bulb size, and light and other factors. The ball above level 1 is not less than 40 cm and 30 cm; the secondary ball is not less than 30 cm and 20 cm. The planting depth is generally 3 times the diameter of the bulb. If the planting depth is too shallow, it can cause plant lodging. After planting, the substrate is relatively moist and does not have to be watered immediately. It can be watered 6 to 10 days after planting, which is more conducive to early emergence of new roots.
After planting, maintaining a suitable temperature in the greenhouse is one of the important conditions for the growth and flowering of the lily. In the first 15 to 20 days, the soil temperature should be maintained at 15 to 18°C. This temperature is most suitable for root growth and leaf formation. If the temperature exceeds 22 °C, it is easy to delay flowering or reduce flower quality.
After 3 to 4 weeks of colonization, the plants sprouted to a height of 10 to 15 cm. This stage is the period of vegetative growth. In this period, the light and fertilizer management should be strengthened. The nutrient solution should be poured once or twice a week or sprayed once to promote the differentiation and growth of the leaves.
When the visible leaves exceed 10 knots, the flower bud differentiation process has begun and the plants are transferred from vegetative growth to reproductive growth. This stage is crucial for cut flower production. As the price of cut flowers is calculated, the more the number of flowers per flower, the higher its economic value. The factors affecting the number of cut flowers per plant, in addition to the size of the bulb, are directly related to the cold treatment method and the length of time, the cultivars, the temperature of greenhouse-induced cultivation, the speed of rooting and the number of roots, the light intensity, and the management of fertilizer and water during the cultivation period. Conditions are closely related. In terms of cultivation and management techniques, mastering most plants in the undifferentiated state of the flower buds for extra-root dressing can significantly increase the number of flowers in a single branch. The practice is to conduct foliar fertilization on two consecutive days, using 0.1% potassium nitrate for the first time and 0.05% ammonium sulfate plus 0.1% potassium nitrate for the second time.
From the visible buds to the first flower buds in the top leaves, the fourth stage. This stage is mainly controlled by temperature, under normal cultivation and management conditions, the time is 30-35 days.
In addition to adopting staging and planting on the production of cut flowers, it is also possible to adjust the growth and flowering period by using the blade deployment speed, that is, based on the formation of basic leaves, the use of temperature to control the elongation rate of the leaves to achieve the purpose of properly adjusting the flowering period.
Cut flowers lily should have 2 ~ 3 flower buds through the color before harvesting. Early harvesting will lead to poor bud opening, and some buds are not even open. But too late harvest, flowers have been opened, pollen is easily dispersed, pollen petals, it will reduce the quality of flowering branches; petals have been open, easy to damage when harvesting and packaging, will also greatly reduce the price of flower branches. After harvesting the flower branches, after sorting, the number of flowers on each branch is divided into good ones, one bundle for every ten branches, and the buds are faced upwards, wrapped in wrapping paper, and put into a cardboard box to be listed.
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