Two-way single slope solar greenhouse planting mode

Due to its efficient land use, which is approximately 40% higher than that of traditional single-slope greenhouses, the two-way single-slope solar greenhouse has gained popularity in rural Northeast China. By sharing a single wall between the north and south sections, this design reduces construction costs while enhancing insulation. The northern section serves as an additional thermal barrier for the southern greenhouse, improving indoor temperatures and overall energy efficiency. These features make it particularly well-suited for growing a variety of vegetables, maximizing both productivity and profitability. The greenhouse structure consists of two distinct but interconnected parts: the southern shed and the northern shed. Each part shares similar geometric dimensions with the Liaoshen I Type 7.5 model. The northern shed typically spans either 7.5 meters or 7 meters. Its framework uses steel planar trusses, supported by a composite wall made up of a 240mm brick wall, a 120mm (or 90mm) polystyrene panel, and another 240mm brick wall. The rear slope incorporates layers of 20mm wooden boards, 120mm polystyrene panels, 80mm white ash slag at a ratio of 1:5, and finally, a 40mm thick layer of C20 fine concrete with a bi-directional steel mesh waterproofing layer. The front slope’s external covering often includes straw mats or curtains, sometimes supplemented with additional paper layers, and can accommodate two internal curtains for better insulation. At the greenhouse's front corner, a frost-prevention trench is installed, lined with a 50-90mm polystyrene board and dug to a depth of 800-1200mm. To further enhance winter conditions, an underground heating system utilizing materials like wood chips, rice husks, or straw can be employed. In terms of planting strategies, the southern shed focuses on high-light and warmth-loving crops such as cucumbers, tomatoes, and other vegetables. Thanks to the insulation provided by the northern shed and back wall, the southern shed maintains temperatures 3°C to 5°C higher than conventional single-slope greenhouses. Even during severe winters when outdoor temperatures drop to -20°C, the interior remains comfortably warm, with minimum temperatures reaching around 5°C. This stable environment allows for continuous vegetable production throughout the year. However, careful planning is essential to align crop cycles with peak market demand periods. In the northern regions, two primary cultivation models exist: winter-spring/summer-autumn rotations and autumn-winter/spring rotations. For winter-spring and summer-autumn patterns, examples include growing cucumbers, tomatoes, chives, and zucchini. Cucumbers might be planted in early October, nurtured from seedlings started in June. Late-maturing tomato varieties could begin their nursery phase in mid-February, followed by planting in mid-November and harvest starting in February until July. Citrons planted in early November would later be removed in early April. Zucchini seeds are sown in early October, transplanted in early November, and harvested until April of the next year. Summer crops consist of beans, tomatoes, eggplants, bell peppers, chayotes, and more. Beans are typically planted alongside zucchini or intercropped after fertilizing the soil. Eggplants, tomatoes, and peppers are often grown in succession with other vegetables like squash and climbing beans. Post-harvest, the fields are prepared by adding manure and ridging for subsequent plantings. Autumn-winter and spring rotations focus on crops like cucumbers, early tomatoes, eggplants, bell peppers, and beans. Middle-to-late maturing cucumber varieties are planted from mid-August through early October, yielding harvests by early October and lasting until after the Spring Festival. Early maturing tomato, eggplant, and pepper varieties are sown in mid-August and planted by late September to early October. Beans follow a similar schedule to cucumbers. Spring cultivation introduces a wider range of options, including cucumbers, tomatoes, eggplants, peppers, and kidney beans. Beyond beans, growers aim to select high-value crops that optimize greenhouse usage while boosting economic returns. Crop rotation is crucial for disease management within these greenhouses. In the northern shed, where lighting is limited, temperatures are lower, and humidity is higher, planting options are narrower but still viable. Edible fungi such as oyster mushrooms and common mushrooms thrive under these conditions. Overall, the two-way single-slope solar greenhouse represents a sustainable agricultural solution that balances resource efficiency, economic viability, and ecological health. Author: Shenyang Agricultural University

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