In recent years, the use of pesticides has become increasingly common as a way to address pest resistance and manage multiple diseases and pests simultaneously. However, properly diluting mixed pesticides is a technical process that requires careful attention.
The amount of liquid sprayed per hectare depends on several factors, including the type of crop, its growth stage, the size of the area, the spraying method used, and the types of pests or weeds present. Typically, a constant spray rate is applied, with 750 to 1500 kilograms of liquid per hectare being standard.
When it comes to the effective dose per hectare for a single pesticide, the general guidelines are: 750 grams of insecticide, 1500 grams of fungicide, and 3000 grams of herbicide. Recently, more potent insecticides such as pyrethroids and abamectin have been developed, which require much lower doses—only 12 to 75 grams per hectare. For mixtures, the total effective dose should not exceed these limits.
The formula for calculating the application amount per hectare is:
**Application per hectare = Spraying amount per hectare / Dilution ratio**
And for total effective dose:
**Total effective dose per hectare = (A’s dose × A’s concentration) + (B’s dose × B’s concentration) + (C’s dose × C’s concentration)**
For example, a mixture of 50% carbendazim diluted 600 times, 70% thiophanate-methyl diluted 800 times, and 12.5% tricyclazole diluted 2000 times can be used to control stalk blight or wilt disease. The total mixing volume required is 850 kg per hectare.
To calculate the individual doses:
- Carbendazim: 850 / 600 = 1.4167 kg
- Thiophanate-methyl: 850 / 800 = 1.0625 kg
- Tricyclazole: 850 / 2000 = 0.425 kg
The total effective dose would be:
(1.4167 × 0.5) + (1.0625 × 0.7) + (0.425 × 0.125) = 1.5052 kg, which falls within the acceptable range for fungicides.
These quantities can be measured separately and then mixed using a two-step dilution method. Mix 850 kg of water, add each pesticide in the calculated amounts, and spray after thorough mixing. This approach ensures both safety and effectiveness in pest and disease management.
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