During the cold seasons of winter and spring, when daylight hours are limited, it can significantly impact the feeding and management of pregnant sows. To ensure their health and successful pregnancy, farmers should pay close attention to several key aspects in their management practices.
First, selecting an appropriate feeding strategy is essential. There are three commonly used methods:
1. The "Two Heads for Intermediate" approach involves feeding concentrates 20 days before mating and 10 days after. Once the sow's body condition has recovered, green feed becomes the main component. As the pregnancy progresses, especially after 80 days, concentrate is reintroduced with a higher nutritional level in the later stages to support the growing fetus.
2. The "Pre-Coarse and Fine" method is suitable for the early stages of pregnancy. It involves feeding more green and roughage first, followed by finer, more nutrient-dense feeds as the pregnancy advances.
3. The "Step Up to Climb" method is ideal for sows during lactation or breeding periods. Initially, green and roughage make up the majority of the diet, with a gradual increase in concentrate over time. Protein and mineral content should also be increased accordingly. However, it's important to reduce feed by 10% to 20% in the week before farrowing to prevent complications.
Second, maintaining high-quality feed is crucial. Avoid feeding moldy, frozen, toxic, or irritating feeds, as they can cause miscarriage. Sows should not be fed different types of feed without careful planning. Green and roughage should be offered in smaller, more frequent meals, and clean drinking water must always be available.
Third, around 20 days into pregnancy, high-quality, full-nutrient feed should be provided. In the last month of gestation, when the fetus grows rapidly, the diet should be rich in nutrients, particularly protein, to support the development of the young.
Fourth, effective management of pregnant sows is vital. This includes maintaining a clean, dry, and comfortable environment. The farrowing area should be flat, well-ventilated, and not too deep. During the first month of pregnancy, sows should eat well, rest adequately, and limit exercise to help them recover. Regular, moderate exercise is beneficial throughout the middle stages, but should be reduced in the final weeks to allow the sow to move freely and prepare for labor. One week before birth, activity should be minimized to ensure the sow is ready for delivery.
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