1. Seedling Production (1) Seedbed Preparation: A mix of pasture soil, chicken manure, and vermiculite—free from diseases and pests—was used in a ratio of 1:1:0.5. The mixture was sprayed with 50% carbendazim wettable powder at a rate of 8 g/m² to ensure a healthy growing environment. (2) Sowing: Seeds were sown in a grid pattern with spacing of 5 cm by 2 cm. After planting, the soil was covered with a 4 cm layer of soil, followed by watering and covering with waste newspapers to maintain moisture and protect the seedlings. (3) Management: For the first five days after sowing, the ground temperature was kept between 28–32°C, then gradually lowered to around 27°C. Germination occurred within 10 days, and the soil was kept consistently moist throughout this period. (4) Transplanting: When the seedlings had two true leaves, they were transferred into nursery pots filled with nutrient-rich soil. Each pot was 15 cm tall and 10 cm in diameter, with the nutrient soil filling about three-quarters of the pot. After transplanting, water was added, and the pots were covered with newspapers for shading. The greenhouse temperature was maintained at approximately 28°C, while the ground temperature was kept between 18–20°C. The cover was removed after two days, and the greenhouse temperature was adjusted to 20–25°C with regular watering. Once the plants had 5–8 leaves, they were considered established. Ten days before planting, watering was reduced, light exposure was increased, and the temperature was controlled between 15–20°C to harden off the seedlings.
2. Colonization (1) Soil and Greenhouse Disinfection: To prevent disease, the soil was treated with 50% carbendazim at a rate of 1.5 kg per acre. Additionally, the greenhouse was fumigated using sulfur powder combined with 45% chlorothalonil for two days to ensure a sterile environment. (2) Fertilization: 5,000 kg of chicken manure or other organic fertilizer was mixed into the soil along with 25 kg of phosphate fertilizer, and the field was leveled to a depth of 25 cm. (3) Rigid Coating: North-south ridges were created, spaced 1.4 meters apart, with ridge widths of 1 meter and heights of 0.2 meters. A 15 cm x 15 cm ditch was dug along the center of each ridge, filled with water, and small ditches were made on either side to form triangular planting holes spaced 50 cm apart. Afterward, the area was covered with plastic film and sealed for two days to raise the temperature. (4) Planting: On the plastic film above each planting hole, a "+" shape was marked, and the film was cut open. The seedlings from the nursery pots were placed into the holes, and a small amount of fine sand was used to fill the roots, ensuring good contact with the soil.
3. Crop Management (1) Irrigation: After planting, the crop was watered regularly for the first 10 days, then every 7–10 days thereafter. Before harvest, irrigation was done using the sub-film ditch system, alternating between submerged and furrow irrigation to manage moisture levels. Tomato peppers are highly sensitive to water stress, so timely watering is crucial to prevent leaf wilting and drooping. (2) Fertilization: When all the plants began to flower, 15 kg of urea per acre was applied as a top dressing. After harvest, 20 kg of urea was applied monthly to sustain plant growth. (3) Temperature and Humidity Control: After planting, the daytime temperature should be kept between 25–30°C, with a ground temperature of 20–28°C. Nighttime temperatures should remain between 12–20°C, with a ground temperature of 15–20°C. Humidity should be maintained at 85%. During flowering and fruit development, the daytime temperature should stay between 25–30°C, with a ground temperature of 23–25°C, and nighttime temperatures between 18–25°C, with a ground temperature of 18–22°C. Humidity should be reduced to 70–80% during this phase. (4) Light Requirements: Tomato peppers require 1,500–3,000 Lx of light. Insufficient light (below 1,500 Lx) can lead to excessive flowering, while excessive light (above 3,000 Lx) may increase temperature, causing pollination issues, fruit drop, and sunburn damage.
4. Plant Training Tomato pepper grows with multiple branches, and proper training is essential for optimal yield. Wooden stakes were placed along the planting rows, and three wires were stretched across the stakes to create a "V" shaped support frame. Branches were tied to the wires, and new growth was directed to grow upright. Long branches were pruned, and diseased or yellowing leaves were removed to promote healthy growth and air circulation.
5. Harvesting Tomato peppers typically take 50–60 days from flowering to fruit maturity. Throughout the growing season, which lasts about 180 days, the plants continue to grow, branch, and bear fruit simultaneously. Fruits are harvested in batches according to their ripening order. The fruits start off purple and turn red when mature. They are carefully cut 3 cm from the stem using scissors to avoid damaging the fruit. The harvested fruits are packed in different sizes and sold to prevent scratches and bruising during transport.
6. Pest Control (1) An insect net with a 20-mesh size was installed at the greenhouse vents to prevent pests from entering. (2) The temperature and humidity inside the solar greenhouse were adjusted to suit the plants' needs. High humidity is common during the fruiting stage, so the vents were opened for 0.5–1 hour in the morning to reduce moisture levels. (3) During the fruiting period, a 72% agricultural streptomycin wettable powder solution diluted at 4,000 times was sprayed to prevent viral diseases and soft rot. A 2% agricultural anti-120 wettable powder solution diluted at 200 times was used to control powdery mildew, ensuring healthy plant development and high-quality yields.
Indoor Hydroponics Grow Kit
hydroponics system-nutrient technique (NFT)
NFT does not give average support to roots. Typically, the roots sit in a long sloping channel irrigation (Fig. 1.1). The nutrient is introduced into the high class of the canal and allowed to flow over the roots after which it drains into the nutrient tank. This is then re-pumped back into the channel to repeat the watering process.
This feed cycle can be intermittent or continuous. An & lsquo; The intermittent 'rss cycle is controlled by the clock and repeated several times per hour. this is sometimes called the "NFT pulse". The NFT pulse usually achieves better aeration of the roots as the roots are exposed to air between each feed. A & lsquo; continuous' rss cycle works non-stop. This is often used in commercial operations.
You can easily grow your favorite flowers at home without muddy mess and need to water your plants regularly.
Hydroponics is an ideal way to grow plants in urban areas. This makes it a great hobby that helps you to relax and it is fun to watch the hydroponic plants grow in the garden nft.
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