1. Leaf Spot: This disease primarily affects the leaves, starting with small brown spots that gradually develop into round or irregular lesions. The center of the lesions turns gray to dark brown, while the edges remain red-brown. In advanced stages, a black or gray mold appears on the affected areas. High temperatures and humidity are common causes, and the disease spreads through wind and rain. Infestations tend to worsen after October. Prevention includes pruning and removing infected leaves, especially during winter, and burning them. In early April, spray a 1:2:100 to 200 Bordeaux mixture, followed by applications of 50% benomyl at 1000-1500 times dilution or 70% thiophanate-methyl at 1000 times. Regular monitoring and timely treatment are essential for effective control.
2. Leaf Spot Disease: This condition mainly affects the leaf tips and surfaces, causing light brown spots that expand into round or irregular shapes. As the disease progresses, the lesions may cover up to one-third to one-half of the leaf. The edges remain green, and black spots appear in the later stages. High humidity, poor ventilation, and weak plant growth increase the risk of infection, which typically occurs from July to November, often spreading through wind and rain. To manage it, begin spraying 65% dexamethasone at 500 times dilution or a 1:2:200 Bordeaux mixture as soon as symptoms appear. Alternatively, use 50% carbendazim WP at 800-1000 times or 50% phenylethyl wettable powder at 1000-1500 times. Consistent application is key to preventing further spread.
3. Caterpillars: These pests are usually green or yellow-green, with a white stripe along the top. They commonly hide on the underside of leaves and feed on the leaf tissue, leaving only the outer layer. Before the larvae become too large, loosen the soil around tree trunks to attract them and then remove them manually. Another effective method is to spray Bt emulsion (with more than 10 billion spores per ml) diluted 500-800 times. You can also apply 2.5% deltamethrin EC or 20% geraniol EC diluted 3000 times. These treatments are most effective when applied early in the infestation.
4. Scale Insects: In the Yangtze River valley, two to three generations of scale insects can occur annually. Severe damage typically happens between May-June and August-September. These pests settle on the main stems, branches, and leaves, and their nymphs secrete honeydew, leading to sooty mold on the foliage. High humidity and temperature favor their development. When infestations are small, gently brush them off with a soft brush for good results. During summer, spraying with 0.3–0.5° Baum lime sulfur or 50% monocrotophos EC at 1500 times dilution is highly effective. Apply the treatment every 7–10 days, repeating 2–3 times for best control.
5. Spider Mites: These pests thrive in hot and dry conditions. To manage them, ensure proper irrigation and fertilization to strengthen the plants and improve their resistance. When using chemical pesticides, rotate them frequently to avoid resistance, especially with highly toxic options. Effective sprays include 40% chrysanthemum EC diluted 2000–3000 times or 40% dimethoate EC at 1500 times. These treatments have proven to be very effective in controlling spider mite populations. Regular inspection and early intervention are crucial for long-term success.
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