(1) For spring corn, the main approach to fertilization is through basal fertilizer, with top-dressing as a supplement. Organic manure is typically used alongside chemical fertilizers, with nitrogen being the primary nutrient and phosphate serving as a secondary one. The general principle is to apply panicle fertilizer mainly and grain fertilizer as a supplement. Basal fertilizer should account for approximately 70% of the total fertilizer applied. Most of the phosphate fertilizer should also be included in the basal application, ideally during autumn plowing. When applying basal fertilizer, it should be evenly mixed into the soil to ensure uniform distribution. A typical rate is 37.5 to 60 tons per hectare. If using nitrogen-based fertilizer as a base, 375 kg of ammonium bicarbonate or 150 kg of urea can be applied per hectare. It's important to incorporate it deeply into the soil to prevent nitrogen loss due to volatilization. In soils deficient in phosphorus, 450 to 600 kg of calcium phosphate per hectare is recommended. For potassium-deficient soils, 150 kg of potassium chloride per hectare is advised. In zinc-deficient areas, 15 kg of zinc sulfate per hectare should be added.
(2) Before sowing spring corn, a small amount of farmyard manure can be combined with an appropriate quantity of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers to serve as seed fertilizer. This helps provide early nutrients for germination and early growth.
(3) Top-dressing is a crucial practice for achieving high yields in corn cultivation. Given the long growing season and slow initial growth of spring maize, the "light before, heavy after" method is commonly used. This involves applying about one-third of the top-dressing before the plant joints, typically 75 to 150 kg of urea per hectare. Then, two-thirds of the top-dressing is applied during the large whorl stage, around 150 to 300 kg of urea per hectare. This ensures sufficient nutrients for critical stages such as tassel development, floret differentiation, and grain formation. Studies have shown that this "light before, heavy after" approach results in a 13.3% increase in yield compared to the "heavy before, light after" method. This strategy helps optimize nutrient availability when the plant needs it most, leading to better overall performance and higher productivity.
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