The persistent rainy weather in Hebei Province has been significantly higher since May, with June experiencing prolonged periods of continuous rainfall. This unfavorable climate leads to lower field temperatures and increased soil moisture, creating ideal conditions for the outbreak of vegetable diseases. As we move into a more volatile weather period, hot and humid conditions are expected to become more frequent. Therefore, vegetable farmers must be vigilant and enhance their disease prevention and management strategies.
First, analyzing disease trends: Based on current weather patterns and environmental conditions, disease prevalence is expected to rise. The damping-off of eggplant seedlings may be more severe due to high humidity. Tea damage could lead to cracking and may increase. Rainfall promotes bacterial spread, increasing the risk of hot pepper rot and related diseases, especially chili diseases. Due to heavy tomato rains, excessive top-dressing and poor soil drainage can cause physiological umbilical rot. Cucumber diseases thrive in moist environments, and increased rainfall favors their development. Insufficient light during cloudy and rainy days may result in deformed melons such as large-bodied, sharp-edged, or curved melons. Cruciferous vegetables should watch for soft rot and black rot. Onions need protection against purple spot, black spot, gray mold, and downy mildew.
Second, control advice:
1. After rain and warming, it's essential to drain fields promptly to avoid waterlogging. Watering in nursery beds should be carefully controlled, and dry soil or ash should be sprinkled if the soil becomes too wet.
2. Accurate diagnosis is crucial, as high temperature and low humidity can complicate disease symptoms. For example, early signs of downy mildew and powdery mildew in cucumbers may look similar. Tomato plants may also suffer from complex infections after gray mold.
3. Strengthen agronomic practices: On cloudy days, spraying 2% brown sugar solution mixed with micro-fertilizers every seven days for two to three times can help prevent deformities like empty fruits, umbilical rot, and other issues in tomatoes and cucumbers.
4. Proper use of pesticides: For Solanaceae and melon crops, apply 10% Kexia suspension at 1500–2000 times dilution, 2–3 times. For onions, use 50% acetamiprid WP diluted 1500 times, once every 7 days, for 2–3 applications. For cruciferous vegetables, use 80% trichloroisocyanuric acid soluble powder at 3000 times, once every 7 days, for 2–3 times.
Early prevention of powdery mildew involves spraying 27% lipid membrane at 80 times or 80% chitin at 6000 times to protect leaves. For downy mildew and epidemic diseases, use 10% Kexia suspension at 1000–1500 times, every 2 days for 2–3 times, or 66.8% mildew WP at 500 times, 52.5% fast water purification dispersible granules at 2000 times, or 69% Ankegan zinc wettable powder at 700 times, every 5–6 days for 2–3 times.
For cruciferous vegetable soft rot and black rot, apply 85% trichloroisocyanuric acid soluble powder at 1500 times, once every 7 days, for 2–3 times. Other bacterial diseases can be controlled using 20% Dragon’s Bacteria (TB copper) aqueous suspension at 600 times, 77% mancozeb wettable powder at 500 times, 12% green butter emulsion at 500 times, or 47% Garrett Agricultural WP at 500 times.
For powdery mildew on Solanaceae, use 30% fluconazole at 1500–2000 times, 12.5% betalizole at 500 times, or 10% georgine (oxiconazole) at 2000 times. For melon powdery mildew, use triadimefon at 1500 times. For anthracnose, apply 0.5% amino oligosaccharides at 600–800 times, 10% Shigao (Dioxiconazole) at 2000 times, 40% Baidu available wettable powder at 700 times, 25% olfactory bacteria sunny at 500 times, 80% Bordeaux WP at 400 times, or 70% Profen zinc WP at 600 times.
For Verticillium wilt and root rot, use liquid irrigation with 50% bromobromide isocyanuric acid + nutrient (total quality), 1500–2000 times initially, and 750 times for severe cases. Apply 100–500 ml per plant, once every 7 days, for 2–3 times.
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