In the spring sweet potato growing areas, it's crucial to avoid sowing too early. If planted too early, the stems and leaves tend to grow vigorously, but the seed setting rate becomes low. Therefore, it is recommended to sow between late May and mid-June, with the optimal flowering period occurring from August to early September. In the northern Xiatianyu region, sowing should be delayed slightly, typically around late June or early July.
Seed treatment before sowing plays a vital role in improving the quality of sweet potato seeds. It helps produce strong, healthy seedlings, which are essential for high yields. The main steps include drying, washing, soaking, and coating the seeds. Drying improves seed coat permeability and promotes ripening, enhancing germination potential. Seed selection removes empty grains, broken seeds, and impurities, increasing germination rates. Soaking seeds in warm water (around 35°C) for 15 minutes also boosts germination. Chemical seed coating is an effective method to control pests like wireworms and cutworms, and it should be done after drying and washing.
The sowing method significantly affects the development of strong, uniform seedlings. In our province, there are various planting areas with different soil types, farming practices, and cultivation levels. Common methods include broadcasting, drilling, and spot sowing. Broadcasting can lead to uneven emergence and poor ventilation, making field management difficult and reducing yield. Spot sowing is labor-intensive and costly. Drilling, widely used in Gansu’s main producing areas, ensures better planting density, allowing for balanced growth of both plants and groups, thus increasing overall yield.
Sowing depth is another critical factor. As a dicotyledonous plant, sweet potato requires shallow sowing so that the cotyledons can emerge easily. The depth depends on several factors: soil moisture—drier soils may require deeper sowing; season—spring sowing is usually deeper than summer sowing; soil type—sandy or dry soils can be slightly deeper (up to 6 cm), while clay soils should be lighter; regional conditions—dry and windy areas need careful post-sowing management to prevent seed desiccation; and seed variety—different types have varying abilities to push through the soil.
Finally, sowing rate and density depend on soil fertility, variety, germination rate, sowing method, and desired population density. Generally, about 10,000 kg of seeds can result in good emergence. Under normal conditions, the recommended seeding rate is 2.5–3.0 kg per hectare. In northern spring buckwheat regions, where the growing season is longer, around 50,000 plants per acre is ideal. In the northern summer buckwheat areas, known for fertile soil and adequate rainfall, 50,000 to 60,000 plants per mu is considered appropriate.
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