Tomatoes are widely cultivated, with large planting areas and a broad distribution. The life cycle of a tomato plant can be divided into three main stages: germination, seedling, and fruiting.
The germination stage begins when the seeds sprout and the cotyledons emerge, continuing until the first true leaves appear. This is the initial phase where the plant establishes itself and starts to grow.
The seedling stage follows, beginning from the appearance of the first true leaves up to the formation of the first inflorescence (flower cluster). During this time, the plant undergoes both vegetative growth and early reproductive development. Providing sufficient light, good air circulation, and balanced nutrients helps produce strong, healthy seedlings.
The fruiting stage starts with the formation of the first flower buds and continues until the fruits are harvested. It is further divided into two phases: the early flowering period and the full flowering period. The early flowering period marks the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth, while the full flowering period is the peak time for fruit production.
Nutrient uptake is relatively low during the early growth stages. However, once the first inflorescence appears, nutrient absorption increases rapidly. During the full fruiting period, the plant absorbs 70–80% of its total nutrients. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are absorbed in a linear upward trend, with potassium being nearly double that of nitrogen. Calcium absorption is similar to nitrogen. To prevent pedicle rot, "Tianji" brand phosphorus nitrate fertilizer includes calcium.
Fertilization techniques for tomatoes include:
1. **Base Fertilizer**: Before planting tomatoes in open fields, it's essential to apply organic fertilizer as a base. Additionally, 35–40 kg of Phosphorus Nitrate fertilizer per acre should be added to enrich the soil.
2. **Top Dressing**:
- When the first ear (cluster) begins to swell, apply 20 kg of phosphate fertilizer along with irrigation.
- After harvesting the first ear, apply 20 kg of nitrite phosphate as a fruiting fertilizer.
- During the full fruiting period, mix 20% "Heaven Ridge" phosphorus nitrate, 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1% zinc sulfate, and 0.25% boric acid. Spray this mixture every 7–10 days. This method significantly boosts yield and vitamin C content.
By following these practices, farmers can optimize growth, improve fruit quality, and achieve higher productivity.
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