Tomatoes are widely cultivated, with a large planting area and extensive growing regions. The life cycle of a tomato plant can be divided into three main stages: germination, seedling, and fruiting.
The germination phase begins when the seeds sprout and the cotyledons (seed leaves) emerge, continuing until the first true leaves appear. This is the initial stage where the plant establishes itself.
The seedling stage starts once the true leaves develop and continues until the first flower cluster appears. During this time, the plant undergoes both vegetative growth and early reproductive development. To produce healthy, age-appropriate seedlings, it's important to provide sufficient light, good air circulation, and balanced nutrition.
The fruiting stage begins when the first inflorescence (flower cluster) forms and ends when the fruits are harvested. This period is further divided into two phases: the early flowering stage and the full flowering stage. The early flowering stage occurs from bud formation to fruit set, marking the shift from vegetative to reproductive growth. The full flowering stage, which lasts until harvest, is the peak production period for the plant.
Nutrient uptake during the early growth stages is relatively low. However, once the first inflorescence appears, nutrient absorption increases rapidly. During the full fruiting period, the plant absorbs about 70-80% of its total nutrients. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are all taken up in increasing amounts, with potassium being nearly double that of nitrogen. Calcium absorption is similar to that of nitrogen. Since "Tianji" brand fertilizer contains calcium, it helps prevent stem end rot.
Fertilization techniques for tomatoes include:
1. **Base Fertilizer**: For open-field tomato cultivation, it's essential to apply organic fertilizer first, followed by 35–40 kg of Phosphorus Nitrate fertilizer per acre.
2. **Top Dressing**:
- When the first fruit cluster swells, apply 20 kg of Phosphate Fertilizer along with irrigation.
- After harvesting the first fruit cluster, apply 20 kg of Nitrate Phosphate as a fruiting fertilizer.
- During the full fruiting stage, mix 20% "Tianji" Phosphorus Nitrate, 1% Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate, 0.1% Zinc Sulfate, and 0.25% Boric Acid. Spray this mixture every 7–10 days. This method significantly boosts yield and vitamin C content.
These practices ensure optimal growth, higher productivity, and improved fruit quality.
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