Fish pond fertilization plays a crucial role in promoting the growth of natural food sources such as plankton, algae, and small aquatic organisms. When organic materials are added to fish ponds, they stimulate microbial activity and increase the amount of organic debris, which serves as an essential food source for various farmed fish species. Some decomposed organic fertilizers can even be directly consumed by certain fish, enhancing their nutritional intake and overall health.
In spring, proper fertilization is especially important due to the cooler water temperatures and increased oxygen levels. Here are key considerations for effective fish pond fertilization:
1. **Fully fermented organic fertilizer is essential**. Organic materials like manure from livestock or poultry must be completely composted before being applied. This process breaks down the organic matter, reducing its oxygen demand in the water and allowing phytoplankton to absorb nutrients more efficiently. Using properly fermented fertilizer not only saves costs but also improves the overall productivity of the pond.
2. **Apply fertilizer in small, regular doses**. The principle of "less but frequent" application means using around 100 kg of organic fertilizer per acre at each session. The fertilizer should be evenly distributed throughout the pond to maintain a yellowish-brown or oil-green water color without visible oil slicks. Keep the water clarity between 20 cm and 30 cm. If the water becomes too clear (over 30 cm), it’s time to re-fertilize.
3. **Fertilize during sunny mornings**. Avoid applying fertilizers on cloudy or rainy days, as sunlight is necessary for photosynthesis in phytoplankton. Fertilizing early in the morning on a sunny day helps promote rapid microbial growth while minimizing the risk of water pollution from excess organic material.
4. **Adjust the amount based on the type of fish**. Not all fish ponds require the same level of fertilization. Ponds where fish are fed commercial feed typically need less fertilizer. Maintain water clarity between 30 cm and 40 cm. As water temperatures rise, the pond tends to become more nutrient-rich. For high-yield ponds or those raising species like grass carp, avoid fertilizing in spring to prevent overloading the system.
5. **Regularly change the water to maintain quality**. Accumulated waste and organic matter can reduce dissolved oxygen levels and negatively impact the balance of plankton in the pond. By regularly replacing the water, you ensure a healthy environment that supports both fish and aquatic life. A well-maintained pond should have water that is "fat, live, tender, and cool"—a sign of good ecological balance and productivity.
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