Fertilization plays a crucial role in fish ponds by stimulating the growth of natural food sources such as plankton, algae, and small aquatic organisms. When fertilizers are added to the pond, they encourage the proliferation of microorganisms and increase organic debris, which serves as a rich food supply for various fish species, including carp and tilapia. In some cases, decomposed organic fertilizers can even be directly consumed by certain fish, further enhancing their nutrition.
In spring, proper fertilization techniques are essential for maintaining healthy fish ponds. Here are key considerations:
1. **Fully ferment organic fertilizers** before applying them. Spring water is typically cooler, and oxygen levels are higher, making it ideal for using organic manures like animal dung or compost. These materials must be fully decomposed to avoid excessive oxygen depletion in the water. Once properly fermented, they are more easily broken down by phytoplankton, providing nutrients without harming water quality.
2. **Apply fertilizer in small, frequent doses**. The principle of "less but often" means applying about 100 kg of organic fertilizer per acre at a time. It should be evenly distributed across the entire pond to maintain a yellowish-brown or oil-green water color, with no visible oil on the surface. Water transparency should be kept between 20 cm and 30 cm. If the water becomes too clear (over 30 cm), it's time to re-fertilize.
3. **Fertilize during sunny mornings**. Avoid fertilizing on cloudy or rainy days. Phytoplankton thrives through photosynthesis, so applying fertilizers in the early morning on clear days helps boost microbial activity efficiently. This reduces the risk of water pollution and supports a balanced ecosystem in the pond.
4. **Adjust fertilizer amounts based on fish species**. Not all ponds are the same—some may already be feeding fish with commercial feed, which reduces the need for additional fertilization. In such cases, keeping water transparency between 30 cm and 40 cm is ideal. As temperatures rise, water tends to become richer in nutrients. However, in high-yield ponds or those raising species like grass carp, it's better to limit spring fertilization to avoid overloading the system.
5. **Regularly change pond water** to maintain freshness. Accumulation of waste and organic matter can lower oxygen levels and disrupt the balance of plankton, negatively affecting fish growth. By replacing part of the water regularly, you ensure that the pond remains "fat, live, tender, and cool," supporting a thriving aquatic environment.
By following these guidelines, fish farmers can optimize pond productivity while maintaining a healthy and sustainable ecosystem.
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