Editor's Note: Chinese cabbage is one of the most popular vegetables among consumers. In recent years, farmers have started using winter-warm plastic greenhouses to grow cabbage during the off-season of Xiafu, which not only ensures a year-round supply of fresh cabbages but also allows for faster growth and quicker economic returns. However, with changes in cultivation and management practices, many farmers are now facing issues where the cabbages fail to form properly—resulting in loose or empty hearts. This has raised concerns among many growers, who are seeking effective solutions to prevent such problems. Below are the reasons behind this issue and practical measures that can be taken to address it.
Reasons Why Chinese Cabbage Fails to Form Properly: One major cause is improper fertilization. During the hot summer months, some farmers rush the growth process by applying excessive nitrogen-based fertilizers while neglecting phosphorus and potassium. This imbalance leads to overgrowth, weak internal structure, and ultimately, loose or empty hearts. Another factor is uneven watering. Since cabbages require consistent moisture during their growth period, any irregularities in irrigation can result in poor development. Additionally, high humidity caused by frequent summer rains can negatively affect cabbage growth, making it more prone to softening or becoming unformed. Lastly, pest and disease infestations, such as soft rot, downy mildew, aphids, and viral infections, can further weaken the plant and lead to similar issues.
Recommended Solutions: To address these challenges, proper fertilization is essential. Farmers should focus on applying balanced amounts of phosphorus and potassium along with organic matter, while limiting nitrogen usage. A recommended approach is to apply potassium dihydrogen phosphate or a triple compound fertilizer once during the early head formation stage and again during the mid-stage, at 10–15 kg per acre. Watering must be regular and even, ideally done in the morning and evening to maintain soil moisture without causing waterlogging. Weeds should be controlled, and mulching with 3–5 cm of grass can help retain moisture. Pest and disease control is also crucial. Early detection and timely application of fungicides like 40% phosmet wettable powder (diluted 200–300 times), 50% methomyl (500–600 times), or 50% mancozeb (600–800 times) can help manage common diseases. Spraying foliar fertilizers, such as 800 times diluted organic humic acid liquid or a mix of 0.3% urea and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, every 7–10 days during the head-filling stage can promote better heart formation. Finally, installing shade nets on greenhouse slopes can reduce heat stress and improve overall plant health.
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