1. Variety Selection
Early-maturing leek cultivation primarily involves dry planting, and it's recommended to use high-quality, high-yield, disease-resistant varieties that exhibit strong stress tolerance, broad adaptability, and excellent commercial value. Some suitable options include E. sinensis No. 1, Guangdong Daguqing, and Hunan White Flower. Choosing the right variety is essential for ensuring a successful harvest and long-term productivity.
2. Seedling Raising and Transplanting
For dry-seedling methods, direct sowing or transplanting is commonly used. In regions like Shandong and Henan, sowing typically takes place around mid-April and can continue until August. With the use of protected cultivation facilities, sowing can be advanced. When sowing directly, spacing should be maintained at 30–35 cm, with seed holes spaced 15–20 cm apart. Each hole should contain about 23 seeds, and approximately 10 kg of seeds are needed per 667 m². Once the seedlings reach a height of around 3 cm, they can be thinned out, and finally transplanted when they grow to 15–20 cm tall.
In early spring, when temperatures are low, it's important to sow seeds in time. Before sowing, soak the seeds for 12–24 hours and then germinate them at 25–30°C. After sowing, cover the seeds with 1 cm of fine soil and use plastic film to retain moisture and warmth. Remove the film once the seedlings emerge. When the seedlings reach 15–18 cm in height, transplant them with a spacing of 15–20 cm, placing 1–2 plants per hole. For seedling raising, about 18 kg of seedlings per 667 m² are usually required.
3. Planting and Field Management
When planting dry leeks, choose well-drained, fertile land. After planting, regular weeding and soil loosening help raise the ground temperature and promote healthy growth. During summer, as temperatures rise, plants grow rapidly and require more water and nutrients. Frequent watering combined with timely top-dressing using quick-release nitrogen fertilizers is essential. Be cautious with fertilizer concentration to avoid burning the seedlings. Follow the principle of "light first, heavy later" to ensure balanced growth.
To encourage rapid stem and leaf development and an early market harvest, spraying 2010-6 gibberellin on the seedlings can be beneficial. Apply it once every 7–10 days, for a total of 2 times. As autumn approaches and temperatures drop, regular weeding and top-dressing should be carried out, while also monitoring for pests such as red spider mites.
4. Harvesting
Leeks can be harvested multiple times throughout their growing season, and timely harvesting plays a key role in achieving high yields. When the seedlings reach about 30 cm in height, they are ready for harvest. The first harvest should leave 2 nodes at the base to encourage regrowth. Subsequent harvests follow the same criteria as the first one. Avoid leaving too many nodes, as this may lead to excessive side branches, causing nutrient competition and reducing both quality and yield.
After each harvest, apply a top-dressing of nitrogen fertilizer along with some phosphorus and potassium to support continued growth. Watering or irrigation should also be done promptly. The harvesting period typically lasts 4–6 months, with a yield ranging from 5,000 to 7,000 kg per 667 m². Consistent care and proper timing are crucial for maximizing both yield and quality.
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