1. Variety Selection
Early-maturing leek cultivation is typically done through dry planting, and it's recommended to choose high-quality, high-yield, disease-resistant varieties with strong stress resistance, broad adaptability, and good commercial value. Varieties such as E. sinensis No. 1, Guangdong Daguqing, and Hunan White Flower are commonly used. These varieties not only perform well in different environments but also ensure a good market return.
2. Seeding and Seedling Raising
For dry-seedling methods, direct sowing or transplanting is usually applied. In regions like Shandong and Henan, sowing is generally done around mid-April and can continue until August. If using protected facilities, the sowing date can be adjusted earlier. For direct seeding, rows are spaced 30–35 cm apart, with holes placed 15–20 cm apart, each containing about 23 seeds. The seed rate per 667 m² is approximately 10 kg. Once the seedlings reach about 3 cm in height, they are transplanted at a spacing of 15–20 cm, with 1–2 seedlings per hole. In early spring, when temperatures are low, pre-soaking seeds for 12–24 hours before sowing and germinating them at 25–30°C is essential. After sowing, cover with 1 cm of fine soil and use plastic film to retain warmth and moisture. Once the seedlings emerge, remove the film and transplant when the height reaches 15–18 cm. Seedlings are usually raised in nurseries, with about 18 kg of seedlings needed per 667 m².
3. Planting and Field Management
When planting dry leeks, choose elevated land with well-drained, fertile soil. After planting, regular weeding and soil loosening help increase ground temperature. During summer, when temperatures rise and plants grow rapidly, frequent watering and timely top-dressing with quick-acting nitrogen fertilizers are necessary. Be cautious with fertilizer concentration to avoid burning the plants. Follow the principle of "light first, then heavy." To promote stem and leaf growth and enable early market sales, you can spray gibberellin (2010–6) on seedlings once every 7–10 days, for a total of two applications. As autumn approaches, monitor for pests like red spiders and maintain proper weeding and fertilization practices.
4. Harvesting
Leeks can be harvested multiple times throughout their growing season, and timely harvesting is crucial for achieving high yields. When the seedlings reach about 30 cm in height, they can be picked for the market. The first harvest should leave 2 nodes at the base to encourage new growth. Subsequent harvests follow the same criteria. Avoid leaving too many nodes, as this may lead to excessive side branches, which can weaken the plant’s nutritional balance and reduce both quality and yield. After each harvest, apply a top-dressing of nitrogen fertilizer along with some phosphorus and potassium, and water the field thoroughly. The harvest period usually lasts 4–6 months, with a yield ranging from 5,000 to 7,000 kg per 667 m².
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