The impact of foliar fertilization on soybean yield during the late growth stage is significant, closely linked to the physiological characteristics of soybean nutrient uptake and the soil's nutrient release patterns. Soybeans have their highest nutrient demand during the reproductive growth phase, which occurs in the later stages of development. At this time, the plant relies heavily on nutrients from the sub-tillage layer of the soil, as the root system extends deeper to access these resources. However, the ability of this deeper soil layer to release and convert nutrients is much lower compared to the topsoil, creating a mismatch between the plant's high nutrient needs and the soil's limited supply.
Moreover, soybean roots, especially the lateral ones, are mainly concentrated in the surface soil. As a result, during the mid-to-late growth period, the plants may experience nutrient deficiency, leading to premature aging and reduced yield potential. This imbalance has become a major constraint in achieving consistent and high soybean yields.
To address this issue, foliar application of a nutrient solution can help bridge the gap between the peak nutrient demand of soybeans and the limited nutrient availability in the soil. This method not only enhances the accumulation, transformation, and transport of photosynthetic products but also supports rhizobial activity and nitrogen fixation, ultimately improving the root system’s ability to absorb essential nutrients.
The preparation of the nutrient solution involves mixing 0.5 kg of urea, 105 g of superphosphate, 107.5 g of potassium sulfate, and 12.5 g of boric acid in 25 liters of water. After dissolving all ingredients, the mixture should be filtered before use. The best time for foliar spraying is after 6:00 PM or in the evening when the leaves are dry and less likely to burn. Apply the solution evenly so that it coats the leaves without dripping. Repeat the process three times, with intervals of 3 to 4 days between each application. This practice ensures optimal nutrient absorption and supports healthy plant development during critical growth stages.
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